{"id":2286,"date":"2013-11-01T00:59:05","date_gmt":"2013-11-01T07:59:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/?p=2286"},"modified":"2013-11-03T00:25:08","modified_gmt":"2013-11-03T07:25:08","slug":"hoi-thua-sai-paris-chuyen-ngu-nguyen-kim-ngan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/?p=2286","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris (Nguy\u1ec5n Kim Ng\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef)"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ed8I TH\u1eeaA SAI <\/b>PARIS<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 (LA SOCI\u00c9T\u00c9 DES MISSIONS \u00c9TRANG\u00c8RES DE <\/b>PARIS<\/b>)<\/span><\/p>\n

* P. Raymond Rossignol<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 55 n\u0103m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp TCV Sao Bi\u1ec3n Nha Trang, t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch b\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a cha R. Rossignol nh\u1eb1m t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tri \u00e2n c\u00e1c cha th\u1eeba sai MEP, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00e2n s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i TCV Sao Bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u00ean H\u1ef1u (Hu\u1ebf).<\/i><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cha gi\u00e1o Joseph Clause, Pierre Jeanningros, Louis Lagrange, N\u00e9delec, Michel Gervier, Albert Mollard, Paul Pouclet, Jean Dominique Hirigoyen, Joseph Larroque, Georges Lefas, Modeste\u00a0 Duval, Jean Oxarango, Mary-Georges Cressonnier\u2026.<\/i><\/p>\n

KN59<\/i>,<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

I.C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn bao qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tu h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft r\u00f5. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i th\u1eeba sai Paris l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n.<\/p>\n

(MEP). \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, ba con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean quy t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 n\u00ean nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XV. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ba v\u1ecb kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u01b0u t\u01b0 lo l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh \u1edf La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

1-C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Theo hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Tordesillas (1494) m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Alexandre \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u1edbi T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng trong nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 m\u1edbi do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y trao cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u r\u01b0\u1ee1i d\u00e2n c\u01b0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0 trao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c tu s\u0129, cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 hay kh\u00f4ng, qu\u1ed1c gia b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e0u b\u00e8, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e0 \u1edf, v.v. Cho d\u00f9 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1eefa quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh \u00ab thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u00bb v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn Tin M\u1eebng, t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 \u00ab b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o nha \u00bb m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh Fran\u00e7ois Xavier, Matteo Ricci, De Nobili v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16, t\u1ea1i Goa \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ph\u00f3 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Cochin, Malacca, Macao et Funai.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa thu\u1ed9c b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o ib\u00ea-ric v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft tay tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1622.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u \u00c1<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u00c1 ch\u00e2u g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 400 ng\u00e0n kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu b\u1ecb b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i. C\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. Ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u1edf B\u1eafc b\u1ed9, t\u00ednh ra c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. C\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u linh m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ee7 lo cho h\u1ecd, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu m\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c D\u00f2ng T\u00ean g\u1ed1c Ph\u00e1p, cha Alexandre de Rhodes, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u1eeba nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u1eeba r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7t t\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng cha \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0ng cha c\u00f2n khai sinh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i cho ph\u00e9p vi\u1ebft ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i La M\u00e3. Cha bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a cha \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t cha.. Cha hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n non tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 phong ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t. Cha \u0111\u1ebfn La M\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u g\u1eedi sang Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai\u00a0 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phong ch\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u1ede La m\u00e3, cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cha Alexandre de Rhodes \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3n n\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n m\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan t\u00e2m l\u1eafng nghe cha Alexandre de Rhodes . Th\u1ef1c ra, l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cha ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh hay t\u1ef1 \u00e1i \u2013 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00bb – c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, La M\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai \u0111\u1ebfn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 (C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u1ec9 khai sinh v\u00e0o n\u0103m1822 !). Th\u01b0 k\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i, \u0110\u1ee9c cha Ingoli, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t. Cha g\u1eedi nh\u1eefng th\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n th\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu. Cha so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong \u0111\u00f3 cha ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 th\u1eeba sai qu\u00e1 \u00edt, s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, vi\u1ec7c nh\u00fang tay c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00ab chi\u1ebfu bi\u1ec3u \u00bb c\u1ee7a Madrid ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a Lisbonne. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i ! Tu h\u1ed9i La M\u00e3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c nhu c\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc, tu h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh !<\/p>\n

Cha Alexandre de Rhodes tr\u1ea3i qua ba n\u0103m \u1edf La M\u00e3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p trong \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cha, v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 tu h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u00c1 ch\u00e2u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho cha h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha. S\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u0103m 1652, cha Alexandre de Rhodes l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i Paris, n\u01a1i theo nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho cha bi\u1ebft, cha s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p l\u1eafng nghe l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a cha Alexandre de Rhodes.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn Paris, cha Alexandre de Rhodes \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1630 do Henri de L\u00e9vis, c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc de Ventadour, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp trong b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. H\u1ed9i quy t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to l\u1edbn trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c (b\u00e1 t\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbc), c\u00e1c th\u1ea9m ph\u00e1n, gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c \u0111an vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng. H\u1ed9i m\u01b0u t\u00ecm tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3; nh\u01b0ng h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 ra cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c: s\u0103n s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m linh cho c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu, v.v. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xa x\u00f4i. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a cha De Rhodes v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u00c1 ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a cha. L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Cha de Rhodes c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u0129 tr\u1ebb, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00ab Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t \u00bb. Th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean, h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng chung ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cha d\u00f2ng T\u00ean kh\u00e1c, cha Bagot, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00ab ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n trong t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n \u00bb. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i th\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa b\u1edfi l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd s\u1edbm t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nhanh b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 La M\u00e3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u1ee7y ban, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean.H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 Ph\u00e1p \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn La M\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1658 ba v\u1ecb kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh cho \u00c1 ch\u00e2u: \u0110\u1ee9c Cha Fran\u00e7ois de Laval Montmorency, \u0110.C Fran\u00e7ois Pallu v\u00e0 \u0110.C. Lambert de La Motte. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ee9c cha Fran\u00e7ois de Laval Montmorency \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i Canada \u2013 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a cha \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103m 1660: \u0110\u1ee9c cha Ignace Cotolendi.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh ba v\u1ecb kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh (\u0110C Fran\u00e7ois Pallu, \u0110C Lambert de La Motte v\u00e0 \u0110C Ignace Cotolendi) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i MEP. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh ba to\u00e1n linh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n!) l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sang \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, Fran\u00e7ois Pallu, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p (linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n) \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u00ab \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u00bb, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00ab H\u1ed9i B\u00ed t\u00edch Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3 \u00bb v\u00e0 \u00ab Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea1n T\u1ed1t \u00bb nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

2. Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai Paris<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh<\/b><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00eau r\u00f5 , kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m. Ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1edbi m\u1ebd. Ngay t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9\u00a0 IV, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn nh\u00e2n danh \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng La M\u00e3. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XII, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn do \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n, v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII, c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i H\u00f2a Lan v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00e1i l\u1eadp h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0o n\u0103m l853.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed9c tu ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c t\u00f4ng t\u00f2a. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 trao cho nh\u1eefng kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111\u1ebfn \u00c1 ch\u00e2u nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ed3ng y duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i\u00a0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c b\u1edfi th\u01b0 k\u00fd c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn Paris ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m 1659 v\u00e0\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng: c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n , nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hai ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i: H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u00ean \u0111i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha v\u00e0 g\u1eedi v\u1ec1 La M\u00e3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua.<\/p>\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ba li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh sau khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i xem vi\u1ec7c th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n phong gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tham kh\u1ea3o tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean v\u1edbi T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh La M\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o theo \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00ab h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00bb. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y: \u00ab Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ecf ra qu\u00e1 s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fd l\u1ebd n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c d\u00e2n c\u01b0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o, phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec phi l\u00fd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, T\u00e2y ban nha, Italia ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c Ch\u00e2u \u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa? Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c tin, \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 nghi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00e9t, nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee9c tin mong mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u00ecn gi\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang (…) \u00bb. Trong nh\u1eefng trang ti\u1ebfp theo, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi x\u1ee9 s\u1edf g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng quan t\u00e2m ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u00ab th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c, ca ng\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng khen ng\u1ee3i \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn La M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o: \u00ab Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 n\u00ean vi\u1ebft b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c ch\u01b0 huynh s\u1ebd l\u00e0m, trong vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p (…) \u00bb. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc, trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o ban \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, \u0110C Fran\u00e7ois Pallu v\u00e0 \u0110C Lambert de la Motte kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u1eed h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Trung Hoa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c Trung Hoa \u00edt ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng la tinh, cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u00f3! \u0110C Lambert de la Motte kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p\u00a0 c\u00e1c ki t\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0103n th\u1ecbt trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c l\u1ec5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp\u00a0 \u00ab T\u1ebft Nguy\u00ean \u0110\u00e1n \u00bb \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c trong M\u00f9a Chay, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y \u00ab kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o!\u201d \u0110\u1ee9c cha Lambert de la Motte v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c cha Laneau b\u1ecb khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0103n m\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.!<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi gian, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c san s\u1ebb b\u1edfi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o tri\u1ec1u l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i trong nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5: c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. Hai linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u00e1u gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1eddi (ba gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ba gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n) d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi m\u1ebd n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 La m\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd \u0111i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng\u00a0 t\u00e0u th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i v\u00f2ng qua Ch\u00e2u Phi. Sau khi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Marseille h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3o Malte v\u00e0 Syrie r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ebfn du h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

\u0110C Lambert de La Motte, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi hai linh m\u1ee5c th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng, r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng s\u00e1u n\u0103m 1660. \u0110C Cotolendi, \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi hai linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng s\u00e1u n\u0103m 1660. \u0110C Pallu, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3y linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 hai gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang 1662. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o r\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. T\u00e1m v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb tr\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i. Trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd, \u0110C Cotolendi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u00e1ng tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110C Cotolendi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, \u0110C Pallu, khi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 Paris: \u00ab V\u1eady l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u (…) V\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con y\u00eau d\u1ea5u ch\u00fang ta, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n m\u1edf ra cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o can tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u00bb. Sau m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i h\u01a1n hai n\u0103m, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ayuthia, t\u1ea1i Th\u00e1\u00ef lan, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ebfm hoi m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng t\u00e0u an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Sau m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c hy sinh \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn t\u1eeb La m\u00e3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean m\u1edbi cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho h\u1ecd th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u san s\u1ebb m\u1ed1i b\u1eadn t\u00e2m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf g\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng du Bac v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Babylone hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mua ho\u1eb7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Babylone, ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00ab ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o! \u00bb Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Babylone, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Th\u1ed5 Nh\u1ec9 K\u1ef3, c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1ng v\u1eafng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u00ab Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai\u00bb, vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Louis XIV ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng b\u1ea3y 1663, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c s\u1edf t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh La M\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n y ng\u00e0y 10 th\u00e1ng t\u00e1m 1664.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p<\/b><\/p>\n

Theo th\u00f3i quen, ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1 du Bac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp H\u1ed9i MEP. Nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n ki t\u00f4 h\u1eefu Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 mong m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh La M\u00e3 tham gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c khai sinh H\u1ed9i MEP. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i chung, th\u00f4ng qua \u00ab H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 \u00bb, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u ng\u00e0n livre \u2013 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd – cho c\u00e1c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1840, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u00f3 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ebf trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn g\u1ed1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1 du Bac. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u2013 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd qu\u00e1 nhanh ch\u0103ng ? \u2013 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 xem H\u1ed9i MEP nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u00f9ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o MEP c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c sai \u0111i. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u01b0 t\u1eeb v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 mong ch\u1edd s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

3. H\u01a1n ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

D\u0129 nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, cho d\u00f9 ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a 340 n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i MEP, nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 h\u1ed9i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh.<\/b><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0110C Pallu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 coi s\u00f3c n\u0103m t\u1ec9nh g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Trung hoa. \u0110C Lambert de La Motte tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Nam k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 coi s\u00f3c c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n nam Trung Hoa. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n \u0110C.Cotolendi, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Nam Kinh v\u00e0 coi s\u00f3c mi\u1ec1n t\u00e2y Trung Hoa c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 v\u00e0 Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean!<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn Th\u00e1i Lan, hai v\u1ecb kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i kh\u1eafp h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i Lan \u2013 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u2013 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh ch\u00ecu theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch: C\u00e1c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 Cam B\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong\u00a0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, trong khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Trung Hoa s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u1eeb La M\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c Paris, nh\u1eefng th\u01b0 \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00f3, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1edd s\u00f4ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eadp b\u1edd, nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, v.v. N\u1eafm r\u00f5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh La M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u00e1c \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y th\u00e1c cho h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u00ab quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 \u00bb, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y trong quy ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y. V\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u1ea1 khi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i MEP<\/b><\/p>\n

Cho d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, H\u1ed9i MEP c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft tay nh\u1eb1m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ed9i quy \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o n\u0103m 1710. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00eau l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft\u00a0 cho m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, n\u00f3i chung n\u1ed9i quy ch\u1ec9 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd:<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00ab hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i \u00bb ho\u1eb7c \u00ab h\u1ed9i \u00bb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean ch\u1ebf trong gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0110\u1ee9c tin, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh. Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c, ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ph\u00f3 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n H\u1ed9i theo c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n. M\u1ed7i v\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u1edf Paris. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo nh\u00f3m. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra n\u0103m 1840, khi c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5p nh\u00e2n nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng sinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o H\u1ed9i. S\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean gia t\u0103ng. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n Paris tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

R\u1ed3i n\u0103m 1870, c\u00e1c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec1 La M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chung Vatican, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i. H\u1ed9i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. N\u0103m 1917, di\u1ec5n ra vi\u1ec7c ban b\u1ed1 Gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng Hi\u1ebfn Ph\u00e1p, \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay H\u1ed9i MEP l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tu s\u0129, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n qu\u1ef9 ri\u00eang… \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o MEP<\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn, c\u00e1c kh\u00e2m m\u1ea1ng t\u00f2a th\u00e1nh quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110C Lambert de La Motte \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u00e1i Lan n\u0103m 1662. \u0110C Pallu c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i n\u0103m 1664. T\u1eeb n\u0103m sau, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1eddi nhau, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng m\u1edf \u1edf Ayuthia, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y th\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o MEP. N\u0103m 1668, \u0110C Lambert t\u1ea5n phong cho hai linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc, v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Th\u00e1i Lan b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u1eddi \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Cam B\u1ed1t, r\u1ed3i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Penang, \u1edf Malaixia n\u01a1i n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay. Ti\u1ebfp theo sau, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o MEP m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u0103m 1850, h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh 19 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. N\u0103m 1900, 41. N\u0103m 1939, 75. R\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n: th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o MEP \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u. \u0110\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong. Trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c d\u00f2ng tu l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n. Kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, d\u00f9 s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o MEP c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c s\u1edf t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i cho \u0111\u00fang ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ho\u1eb7c…kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. V\u00ec v\u1eady th\u1eadt h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o, khi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u00e0o trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u1edf \u00c1 Ch\u00e2u, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o MEP \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 khai sinh nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, mua \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, m\u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

\u00a0S\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu.<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u0169 vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o MEP d\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu s\u0129.<\/p>\n

Vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc kia, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin ch\u1eafc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5… \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ee7y th\u00e1c cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 c\u00e1c t\u00e2n t\u00f2ng. \u00ab M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u00fay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ednh \u00bb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Tin M\u1eebng v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c d\u00f2ng tu, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu n\u00e0y v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1670, \u0110C Lambert de La Motte \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp D\u00f2ng \u00ab D\u00f2ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ecb em M\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u00bb, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng tu ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u00edt l\u00e2u nay \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n

II. Ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda ch\u00e2n dung nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o MEP trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/span><\/b>.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda ch\u00e2n dung nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o MEP th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f3 tin. \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed ho\u1eb7c \u00edt ra l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o MEP kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111an s\u0129 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh v\u1ea1n tr\u1ea1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u2013 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n phong -, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb anh h\u00f9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00ecn chung c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ecf ra y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

1. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u201cc\u1ee9u tho\u00e1t c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n\u201d, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng h\u1ecd ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u0103m t\u1ed1i v\u00ec l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ng\u1eabu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111a th\u1ea7n, v.v. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0i nghi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tin L\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi gian hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch h\u1ecd m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c1, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n nay. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ai ho\u00e0i nghi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng mang nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai h\u00f3a… Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb giam h\u00e3m b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o noi theo v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean \u0111ang \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u…<\/p>\n

2. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin s\u00e2u xa<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i th\u00fac b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin s\u00e2u xa. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ee9c quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00f4i th\u00fac h\u1ecd l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 n\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u201ct\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng hy sinh l\u1edbn lao nh\u1ea5t, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 hy sinh ch\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111ang m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn du h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd r\u1ea5t cam go \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn qua vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u1edbn lao.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd lo l\u1eafng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc qua th\u01b0 t\u1eeb li\u00ean l\u1ea1c trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a MEP, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i. D\u00f9 \u0111\u00fang hay sai, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cth\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\u201d trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Tin M\u1eebng, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac h\u1ecd quy nh\u1eefng \u201cth\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho vi\u1ec7c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

3. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00abnh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i \u00bb<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng lao m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c phi\u00eau l\u01b0u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i qua nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 \u201cg\u1eedi\u201d h\u1ecd \u0111i. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n, ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb T\u00f2a th<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ed8I TH\u1eeaA SAI PARIS \u00a0 (LA SOCI\u00c9T\u00c9 DES MISSIONS \u00c9TRANG\u00c8RES DE PARIS) * P. Raymond Rossignol   Nh\u00e2n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 55 n\u0103m th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp TCV Sao Bi\u1ec3n Nha Trang, t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch b\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a cha R. Rossignol nh\u1eb1m t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tri \u00e2n c\u00e1c cha th\u1eeba sai MEP, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[68],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2286"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/41"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2286"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2286\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2542,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2286\/revisions\/2542"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2286"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2286"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2286"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}