T\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0V\u1ec0 \u0110\u1ea0O DA T\u00d4<\/b><\/p>\n
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\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft hai ch\u1eef \u201c DA T\u00d4\u201d l\u00e0 sai ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3, ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft \u201cGIA T\u00d4\u201d m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng xem l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang nh\u1ea5t. Hai ch\u1eef \u201cDa t\u00f4\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb ch\u1eef H\u00e1n m\u00e0 ra. Ch\u1eef \u201cDA\u201d theo n\u00e9t vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef H\u00e1n thu\u1ed9c \u201cb\u1ed9 Nh\u0129\u201d, b\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 ch\u1eef Nh\u0129, b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u1ea4p. Trong ch\u1eef H\u00e1n ,ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p b\u1edfi ch\u1eef Nh\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u1ea4p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean \u00e2m ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u201cDA\u201d, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0o phi\u00ean \u00e2m th\u00e0nh \u201cGIA\u201d c\u1ea3! Do l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean \u00e2m , phi\u00ean \u00e2m sai v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ai nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u00fang sai, sau \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u sai \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eef \u201cT\u00d4\u201d theo n\u00e9t vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef H\u00e1n thu\u1ed9c \u201cb\u1ed9 H\u00f2a\u201d, b\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 ch\u1eef Ng\u01b0, b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00f2a. Ch\u1eef T\u00f4 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00f4. Theo Thi\u1ec1u Ch\u1eedu hai ch\u1eef DA T\u00d4 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch \u201cd\u1ecbch \u00e2m ch\u1eef J\u00e9sus, \u00f4ng Ch\u00faa s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d. N\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ee9c J\u00e9sus m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ee9c Da t\u00f4 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng sao. Khi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ,c\u1ee5 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u2026m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Do Th\u00e1i b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 suy l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i. L\u00fac \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Gia t\u00f4\u00a0 ra \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o Do Th\u00e1i m\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c, l\u1ea5y b\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb bi nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9, coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 anh em ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt l\u00e0m c\u1ed1t\u201d. Cu\u1ed1i trang s\u00e1ch c\u1ee5 Tr\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch: \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Gia t\u00f4 l\u1eadp ra cho n\u00ean ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4; l\u1ea1i v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 th\u1edd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, cho n\u00ean l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa . C\u00f3 ph\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o C\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed1c b\u1edfi ch\u1eef Christ l\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf\u201d.<\/p>\n
Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u0103n t\u1eeb \u201cGIA T\u00d4\u201d nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
S\u00e1ch Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ee5c ghi: \u201cN\u0103m Nguy\u00ean H\u00f2a nguy\u00ean ni\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi vua Trang T\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 L\u00ea (1533) c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y t\u00ean l\u00e0 I n\u00ea khu \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ec3 v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf l\u00e0ng Ninh C\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0ng Qu\u1ea7n Anh thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n Nam Ch\u00e2n(t\u1ee9c Nam Tr\u1ef1c) v\u00e0 \u1edf l\u00e0ng Tr\u00e0 L\u0169 thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n Giao Th\u1ee7y\u201d<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 th\u1eddi Tr\u1ecbnh- Nguy\u1ec5n ph\u00e2n tranh v\u00e0 th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 T\u00e2y S\u01a1n<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u00e0y 27\/01\/1614 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ra l\u1ec7nh tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt theo \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 18 th\u1eeba sai l\u00e9n l\u00fat \u1edf l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n , b\u1ecb tra t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kh\u00f4ng hy v\u1ecdng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai d\u00f2ng T\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y 18\/01\/1615 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Macao, m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o do Linh m\u1ee5c Francesco Buzomi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean c\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng thu\u1ed9c x\u1ee9 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, sau \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng T\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o \u0110\u00e0ng Trong truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 d\u00f2ng T\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong , n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 hai linh m\u1ee5c Francesco Buzomi v\u00e0 Alexandre de Rhodes.\u1ede \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1626 c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 d\u00f2ng T\u00ean m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n
Th\u1eddi Tr\u1ecbnh- Nguy\u1ec5n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan (H\u00e0 Lan hay H\u00f2a Lan trong s\u1eed c\u0169 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d4 Lan).<\/p>\n
Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea0O HOA\u00a0 LAN ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea0O DA T\u00d4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y\u00a0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00f2a Lan, h\u1ec5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa Lan. \u0110\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m c\u00e1ch trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t. L\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o n\u0103m 1632, 1643, 1649, 1663,1712\u2026S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00ed to\u00e0n th\u01b0 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o Hoa Lan v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m Qu\u00ed M\u00e3o (1663),C\u1ea3nh Tr\u1ecb n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa Lan v\u00e0o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta,l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1, l\u1eeba ph\u1ec9nh d\u00e2n ngu, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 ngu d\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo, ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p, trai g\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111u\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111i r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u ch\u01b0a thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nay ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m\u201d.<\/p>\n
N\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Th\u00ecn (1712) \u0111\u1eddi vua l\u00ea D\u1ee5 T\u00f4ng, ch\u00faa Tr\u1ecbnh C\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1o tr\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef \u201ch\u1ecdc Hoa Lan \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d.<\/p>\n
Th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o n\u0103m 1795. Nh\u00ecn chung s\u1ef1 b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i v\u00e3 truy n\u00e3 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17-18 ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra gay g\u1eaft t\u1eebng n\u01a1i, t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 th\u1eddi vua Gia Long<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n
Trong l\u00fac b\u00f4n t\u1ea9u t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p, Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c v\u00e0 nh\u1edd Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c \u0111em Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed C\u1ea3nh sang Ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng: n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng thi h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd k\u1ebft \u1edf Versailles ng\u00e0y 28\/11\/1787. Tuy v\u1eady Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh v\u1edbi hai b\u00e0n tay kh\u00f4ng: nh\u1edd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ri\u00eang v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn l\u1edbn, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c mua s\u1eafm v\u0169 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u0129 quan, binh l\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh<\/p>\n
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Mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c l\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u00f5 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do. Sau khi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ,Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh l\u00ean ng\u00f4i vua l\u1ea5y ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Gia Long. Th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang n\u0103m Gi\u00e1p T\u00ed, Gia Long n\u0103m th\u1ee9 3 (1804) \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c x\u00e3 d\u00e2n \u1edf B\u1eafc H\u00e0 g\u1ed3m 5 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c th\u1ee9 n\u0103m n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd Th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt : \u201c\u2026hu\u1ed1ng chi nh\u1eefng b\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t trung b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, b\u1ecf c\u1ea3 cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt sinh th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 \u0111i c\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh xa ngo\u00e0i mu\u00f4n d\u1eb7m, \u0111\u1ec3 mong ph\u00fac may ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng? G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 k\u1ebb s\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1 cao, l\u1ea7u g\u00e1c r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7, \u0111\u00fac chu\u00f4ng t\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed7i trang ho\u00e0ng, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m chay ,ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u00e0n, m\u1edf h\u1ed9i , t\u1ed1n ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 c\u00fang Ph\u1eadt nu\u00f4i s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u00e9p h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u ph\u00fac b\u00e1o vi\u1ec5n v\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ti\u00eau hao m\u00e1u m\u1ee1. V\u1eady t\u1eeb nay v\u1ec1 sau, ch\u00f9a qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu b\u1ed5, c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ch\u00f9a m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00fac chu\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e0n chay h\u1ed9i ch\u00f9a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m. S\u01b0 s\u00e3i c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ch\u00e2n tu th\u00ec l\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1edf t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i khai r\u00f5 t\u00ednh danh qu\u00e1n ch\u1ec9, \u0111em n\u1ed9p \u1edf quan tr\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ed1. L\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh, tai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u00fac kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e1i thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 \u00edch c\u1ea3. t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1t c\u0169ng nh\u1ea3m (\u2026) t\u1eeb nay d\u00e2n gian nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111au \u1ed1m, ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean c\u1ea7u thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb, c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ch\u1edb n\u00ean tin nghe b\u1ecdn y\u00eau t\u00e0 ma c\u1ea7u c\u00fang x\u1eb1ng xi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ecdn th\u1ea7y ph\u00e1p c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u01a1ng tai tr\u1eeb h\u1ecda. N\u1ebfu quen th\u00f3i c\u0169, \u1eaft b\u1ecb nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecb. L\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4 l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, b\u1ecba ra thuy\u1ebft thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, khi\u1ebfn k\u1ebb ngu phu ngu ph\u1ee5 ch\u1ea1y v\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u00ean, ti\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m th\u00e0nh quen, m\u00ea m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. T\u1eeb nay v\u1ec1 sau, d\u00e2n cac t\u1ed5ng x\u00e3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Gia t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed5<\/i> n\u00e1t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01a1n tr\u00ecnh quan tr\u1ea5n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu b\u1ed5, d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m\u201d<\/i> (\u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c (\u0110NTL) t\u1eadp 1, Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ,trang586-587).<\/p>\n
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Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady vua Gia Long c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9t g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u00e0 vua ch\u1ec9 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng Nho h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00e1 \u0110a L\u1ed9c g\u1edfi cho th\u1eeba sai Letondal \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 18\/08\/1789, k\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed C\u1ea3nh sau khi theo Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c sang Ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u00e1i l\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n th\u1edd t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean khi\u1ebfn cho Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u00c1nh (khi \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a l\u00ean ng\u00f4i vua) t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn: \u201c\u2026 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00ec sao t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung t\u00fang cho t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00ean h\u1ebft \u00f4ng b\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u1eady\u201d. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u00e1i l\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n th\u1edd t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Minh M\u1ea1ng nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m M\u1eadu Tu\u1ea5t( 1838): \u201c\u2026V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i phong t\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y, gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i nham hi\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o Gia t\u00f4, ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1eabm c\u00e0ng gh\u00e9t l\u1eafm, b\u1ecdn khanh h\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb vi\u1ec7c Th\u00e1i t\u1eed Anh Du\u1ec7 \u01b0 ? Ho\u00e0ng kh\u1ea3o ta l\u00fac m\u1edbi m\u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ecb Xi\u00eam kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf, g\u1eedi Th\u00e1i t\u1eed Anh Du\u1ec7 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y \u0111em v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1y, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u01b0u t\u00ednh gi\u1eef g\u00ecn. \u0110\u1ebfn khi l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1, Th\u00e1i t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u00e1i y\u1ebft t\u00f4n mi\u1ebfu, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y, Ho\u00e0ng kh\u1ea3o ta \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd m\u1edbi h\u1ed1i, may c\u00f3 Cao ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu kh\u00e9o d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7, v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau Th\u00e1i t\u1eed m\u1edbi thay l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf h\u1ea7u l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y r\u1ed3i\u2019 (\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 5, Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, trang 402)<\/p>\n
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Ng\u00e0y 20\/06\/1793, Th\u1eeba sai Grillet vi\u1ebft : \u201cHo\u00e0ng t\u1eed ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a \u0111i theo \u0110\u1ee9c cha Adran sang Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ebft bao hy v\u1ecdng l\u1edbn lao, nay \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thay \u0111\u1ed5i; ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi ch\u01a1i b\u1eddi tr\u00e1c t\u00e1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t\u2026\u201d(Launay, Histoire de la Mission de<\/i> Cochinchine<\/i>, Documents histoiriques, Paris 1925, t\u1eadp 3 ,trang 285. D\u1eabn theo Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1eadp 1, Nxb T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2008,trg 365). Ng\u00e0y 31\/07\/1793, Th\u1eeba sai Lavou\u00e9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: \u201c Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed C\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 theo \u0111\u1ea1o.\u201d (Launay, s\u0111d , t\u1eadp 3, trang 285. D\u1eabn theo Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n t\u1eadp 1, S\u0111d ,trg 365).<\/p>\n
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Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd m\u1edbi b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1804 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi vua Gia Long, \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do: c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai mu\u1ed1n \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec \u0111i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb ai ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n
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Ng\u00e0y 22\/05\/1811 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Labartette vi\u1ebft: \u201c Nh\u1edd \u01a1n Ch\u00faa, t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y n\u0103m nay, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean \u1ed5n. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb ai ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n (\u2026). T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 bao l\u00e2u nh\u00e0 vua hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng an. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t s\u1ee3 l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u00e0 vua hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1edb t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u1ed1 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Adran \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u00e0i\u2026\u201d (Launay, s\u0111d, t\u1eadp 3 trg 432. D\u1eabn theo Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n , t\u1eadp 2, trg23).<\/p>\n
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Trong b\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Linh m\u1ee5c \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea5n d\u00e2ng l\u00ean vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ca ng\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1eddi vua Gia Long: \u201cTh\u1ecb d\u0129 ng\u00e3 Th\u1ebf t\u1ed5 Cao ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf t\u1ea1i ng\u1ef1 chi ni\u00ean, chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1o chi th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh, t\u00f9ng v\u00f4 c\u1ea5m ch\u1ec9 chi l\u1ec7. Ph\u00e0m ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4n x\u00e3, h\u1eefu Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o nh\u00e2n, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1eafc ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng minh gi\u1ea3ng, l\u1ecbch d\u0129 \u0111a ni\u00ean. Th\u1eed c\u00e1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa th\u00e1nh minh, d\u1ecbch lo\u1ea1n vi tr\u1ecb\u201d(V\u00ec th\u1ebf , \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u1ed5 Cao ho\u00e0ng ta c\u00f2n tr\u1ecb v\u00ec, ng\u00e0i chu\u1ea9n cho \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u1ea5m \u0111o\u00e1n. Ph\u00e0m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u00f4ng khai. Vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y k\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u n\u0103m. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e1nh minh, \u0111\u1ed5i bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n l\u00e0m b\u00ecnh- B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Lam Giang Nguy\u1ec5n Quang Tr\u1ee9).<\/p>\n
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Th\u1eddi Gia Long l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf mang: \u201c \u0110\u00f4 k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed9c Ph\u00fa Xu\u00e2n\/V\u1eefng an \u0111\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edf tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1i lai\/T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y d\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb7ng ngh\u1ec9 vai\/V\u1ed7 trong m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eeda ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\/Vua c\u00e1m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng \u01a1n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o\/Ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n cho gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i\/ R\u1eb1ng sao Nam, B\u1eafc hai tr\u1eddi\/M\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng h\u00f2a h\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng l\u1eddi c\u1ea5m ng\u0103n\/Th\u00ecn l\u00f2ng hai ch\u1eef chi\u1ebfn c\u0103ng\/ C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y qua l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3ng khuy\u00ean\/ Tr\u1ea3i qua Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp quy\u1ec1n\/ D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Linh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n t\u01b0\/ Kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec1n l\u1ea1c nghi\u1ec7p an c\u01b0\/ D\u01b0\u1edbi tu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, tr\u00ean th\u1edd Ch\u00faa Cha\/ Th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac \u00e2u ca\/ Nh\u01a1n d\u00e2n huy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 \u00e2u ca\u201d.<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea1o (Minh M\u1ea1ng, Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb , T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c)<\/b><\/p>\n
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Trong 13 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u vua Minh M\u1ea1ng (\u0111\u1ea7u 1820 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i 1832) \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi vua Gia Long.N\u0103m Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 13 (1832) vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1. Trong b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n d\u00e2ng l\u00ean vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c, Linh m\u1ee5c \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nguy\u00ean do b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1eddi vua Minh M\u1ea1ng: \u201c Ch\u00ed Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1eadp tam ni\u00ean, nh\u00e2n h\u1eefu th\u00f9 t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o trung nh\u00e2n, k\u1ef3 th\u1ee7y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u01b0u vu h\u1ea1i, d\u0129 kho\u00e1i k\u1ef7 t\u01b0 th\u00f9, k\u1ef3 chung d\u00e3 to\u1ea1i tr\u00ed la h\u00ecnh nhi nh\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecda. T\u1ef1 th\u1ecb, th\u1ee7y h\u1eefu c\u1ea5m ch\u1ec9 chi l\u1ec7nh. Ty \u00e2m nh\u1ea5t gi\u00e1ng, thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 chi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4 m\u1ee5c chi vi v\u00f4 qu\u00e2n v\u00f4 ph\u1ee5 chi \u0111\u1ed3, nhi ph\u00e0m t\u1ea1 \u0111oan t\u01b0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5p th\u1eed l\u1ec7, d\u0129 vi s\u1ea5u nh\u00e2n ph\u00ec k\u1ef7 chi t\u01b0! S\u1eed tu\u00e2n ph\u1ee5ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u1ea3, h\u00ecnh ng\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebf, b\u1ecb l\u1ee5y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7t s\u01b0u, v\u00f4 s\u1edf kh\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1. Tr\u00ed an ph\u1eadn th\u1eed ph\u00e1p chi l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n, th\u1ee5 h\u00e0m oan \u01b0 quang thi\u00ean h\u00f3a nh\u1eadt chi h\u1ea1\u201d (K\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 13, nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f9 hi\u1ec1m v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c vu c\u00e1o, h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 ri\u00eang m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau oan ng\u1ee5c li\u00ean mi\u00ean, g\u00e2y th\u00e0nh h\u1ecda l\u1edbn. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o. Ti\u1ebfng ty ng\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng, s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 v\u1ee5t l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh xe, ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u coi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng vua kh\u00f4ng cha, r\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb hi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng vin theo l\u1ec7 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ecfa l\u00f2ng tham b\u1ea1o, l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u cho nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh. Th\u00e0nh ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 t\u00f9, b\u1ecb l\u1ee5y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch g\u00f4ng c\u00f9m kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng k\u00eau oan v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, trong v\u00f2ng gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n \u00e1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0169 d\u00e2n tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0ng tri\u1ec1u l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu h\u00e0m oan th\u1ea3m thi\u1ebft- Lam Giang d\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n
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S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n ghi: \u201c N\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Th\u00e2n(1832) Minh M\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 13, th\u00e1ng 5\u2026\u1ede Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean c\u00f3 x\u00e3 D\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n (thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n H\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u00e0), d\u00e2n x\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c theo t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Gia t\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, c\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd th\u1edd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, t\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y l\u00e0 Phan V\u0103n K\u00ednh (Linh m\u1ee5c Jaccard)<\/i> l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp nhau gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ecdc kinh. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c, quan ph\u1ee7 g\u1ecdi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00ean c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb hai ba l\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o xin xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o c\u1ea3. Vua giao xu\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 H\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb x\u1eed. B\u1ed9 xin x\u1eed th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m l\u00e0 c\u1ef1u l\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edfng Phan V\u0103n Khoa \u00e1n gi\u1ea3o giam h\u1eadu\u2026\u201d(\u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c (\u0110NTL) t\u1eadp 3 ,Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, trg 317 )<\/p>\n
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Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n th\u00ec ghi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 hai l\u00e0ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n v\u00e0 C\u1ed5 L\u00e3o tranh nhau \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai: \u201c M\u00e1y thi\u00eang T\u1ea1o H\u00f3a xoay v\u1ea7n\/ Kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng \u00ed nhi\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4n th\u00f4ng l\u1ebd m\u00e0u\/D\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n ,C\u1ed5 L\u00e3o c\u01a1 c\u1ea7u\/Ki\u1ec7n nhau gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tranh nhau \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0ng\/ D\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eb9n to\u00e0n\/ C\u1ed5 L\u00e3o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m g\u00e2y th\u00f9\/ Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 ph\u1ee7 huy\u1ec7n sau v\u00f4 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\/ R\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ea1o \u1ef7 th\u1ebf T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng\/ Phan K\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed1i gi\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f4i co!\/ Cao minh ch\u1eadu \u00fap kh\u00f4n d\u00f2\/ Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi nh\u1ecf sau to b\u1eb1ng tr\u1eddi\/Ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5m\u00a0 \u0111\u1ea1o n\u01a1i n\u01a1i\/ Minh M\u1ea1ng tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba\/B\u1eafc Nam kh\u1eafp ch\u1ed1n xa g\u1ea7n\/ \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tri\u1ec7t h\u1ea1, c\u00e1c cha t\u1eed h\u00ecnh\/ Gi\u00e1o nh\u01a1n ai ch\u1eb3ng thu\u1eadn t\u00ecnh\/Tr\u1ea3m gi\u1ea3o l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, l\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh oan gia\/Ai m\u00e0 th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 b\u01b0\u1edbc qua\/ \u1ea4y l\u00e0 thi\u00ean thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 tha v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0\u201d<\/p>\n
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Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hu\u1ebf ra \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n ga V\u0103n X\u00e1\u00a0 nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tay ph\u1ea3i \u1edf xa xa th\u1ea5y th\u00e1p chu\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0ng C\u1ed5 L\u00e3o. N\u0103m 1997 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1p xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m nh\u00e0 th\u1edd D\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00ecnh C\u1ed5 L\u00e3o . T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00ecnh C\u1ed5 L\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u1ecfi th\u0103m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 tranh ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai gi\u1eefa hai l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n
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Cho t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1832, vua Minh M\u1ea1ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi ban h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (gom c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch s\u00e1ch)<\/i>ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ban h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p chung n\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4.<\/p>\n
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Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1832 vua Minh M\u1ea1ng ra ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 c\u1ea5m gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4. Nh\u00e0 vua cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201c \u0110\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4 v\u1ed1n do ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111em v\u00e0o lan tr\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u d\u00e2n ngu mu\u1ed9i b\u1ecb l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t m\u00ea m\u00e0 tin theo, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee9. Hu\u1ed1ng chi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00ednh th\u1ea7n linh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1edd t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, t\u1ea5t tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 l\u00e0m nh\u01a1 nhu\u1ed1c ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y tr\u00f2ng m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u00e2n b\u1ea1i l\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 can ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u\u201d (\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 3,\u00a0 ,trg 415-416) .Ho\u1eb7c khi bi\u1ebft trong v\u1ec7 binh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4, nh\u00e0 vua b\u1ea3o: \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4, Tr\u1eabm cho l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n ngu m\u1edbi b\u1ecb m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e8 \u1edf s\u00e1t b\u00ean t\u1ea3 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eabm c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin theo\u201d r\u1ed3i nh\u00e0 vua sai b\u1ed9 H\u00ecnh n\u00e3 b\u1eaft tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i (\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 3 ,trg 415)<\/p>\n
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Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ra s\u1ee9c xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c \u1ea5y c\u00f2n di l\u1ee5y cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay: \u201cT\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u00e9t m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 cho 1 trai, 1 g\u00e1i, \u1edf chung m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch, l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5y r\u1eadp cho ch\u1ebft b\u1eb9p, l\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 h\u00f2a l\u00e0m b\u00e1nh th\u00e1nh, m\u1ed7i khi gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o, cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n, khi\u1ebfn cho m\u00ea \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o, khi trai, g\u00e1i l\u1ea5y v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111em con g\u00e1i v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 k\u00edn, v\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2m \u00f4. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1ea1nh b\u1ea1o tr\u1eeb tuy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb\u201d (\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 4 ,trg 837).<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn phong h\u00f3a trong n\u01b0\u1edbc: \u201cK\u00ednh x\u00e9t trong thi\u00ean \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ebf\u201d, Kinh L\u1ec5 <\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cTheo t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ebft\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201c Nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o, x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3o giam h\u1eadu\u201d. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 theo \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 \u201cV\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ebf\u201d kh\u00f4ng bao dung, m\u00e0 x\u01b0a nay ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb b\u1ecf h\u1eb3n. Nay xin tham b\u00e1c ch\u00e2m ch\u01b0\u1edbc theo L\u1ec5 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea5m, khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 r\u0103n ch\u1eeba, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u m\u1edbi d\u1eadp t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecb \u0111oan, gi\u00fap cho ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u00f9ng theo th\u00f3i t\u1ed1t\u201d (\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 4 ,trg 838).<\/p>\n
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Nh\u00e0 vua cho \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 l\u00e0 t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o : \u201cB\u1ecdn tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o Gia t\u00f4 kia v\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng ta. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 trung v\u1edbi vua, hi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi cha, thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi anh ,h\u00f2a v\u1edbi em, th\u00ec c\u1ee9 h\u1ecdc, n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ai c\u1ea5m. Nay \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y Chi thu ( Gi\u00ea su), <\/i>th\u1eadp \u00e1c, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, sao l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i theo c\u00e1i t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4, sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec ngay nh\u01b0 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 M\u00e3 Song (Marchand Du) <\/i>\u2026 mu\u00f4n dao b\u0103m ch\u00e9m, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 chia l\u00eca. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, h\u1ecda hay ph\u00fac, th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f2n mong g\u00ec sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa\u201d (\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 5 trg 554)<\/p>\n
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Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng – H\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nho gia l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 n\u00f3i : \u201c V\u1ecb v\u0103n kh\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1o\/ B\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n t\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c lai\u201d (Ch\u01b0a nghe kh\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn\/ N\u00e0o th\u1ea5y ai theo \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v\u1ec1). Th\u1eddi vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean c\u1ee5 Ng\u1ee5y Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea3n \u0111ang gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c \u00c1n s\u00e1t t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam l\u00e0m b\u00e0i \u201cHo\u00e1n m\u00ea kh\u00fac\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1edd c\u00fang t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean. B\u00e0i \u201cHo\u00e1n m\u00ea kh\u00fac\u201d c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n: \u201cM\u00ea chi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\/Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u h\u1ecfa ng\u1ee5c ,thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u!\/D\u1eabu r\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1eeda th\u00e2n sau\/Chi qua trung t\u00edn l\u1ebd m\u1ea7u th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n?\/ \u1ea4y l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o thi\u1ec7n ch\u01a1n\/ C\u00f3 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u1eaft ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ta\/ Tin chi T\u00e2y gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n qua\/ Can v\u00e0o qu\u1ed1c ph\u00e1p, can ra t\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i \u201c Ho\u00e1n m\u00ea kh\u00fac\u201d l\u1ea1i ng\u1ea7m c\u00f3 l\u1eddi r\u0103n \u0111e nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4: \u201c H\u00e3y nghe d\u1eb7n b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t hai\/C\u00f3 th\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef ch\u1edb sai m\u1ef1a l\u1ea7m\/Kh\u00e1m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00e1 xa x\u0103m\/Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a d\u1ec5 ta nh\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u\/ \u0110\u1ea1o ta, ta h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nhau\/Trung th\u1edd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, hi\u1ebfu h\u1ea7u \u00f4ng cha\/ V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea7n, v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0\/Xa g\u1ea7n d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfng \u00e2u ca th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/p>\n
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Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng Nho gia l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng \u201c sanh k\u00ed, t\u1eed quy\u201d (s\u1ed1ng g\u1edfi, th\u00e1c v\u1ec1) n\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i \u201cH\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p y\u1ebft th\u1ecb ca\u201d (Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i ca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em y\u1ebft th\u1ecb- Ho\u00e1n m\u00ea kh\u00fac) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng : \u201c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sanh k\u00ed, t\u1eed quy\/D\u1eef-l\u00e0nh \u1eaft c\u00f3 ch\u1ed1n \u0111i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed3i\/ V\u1eady ta suy l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 coi\/ Hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3, n\u1ef1c c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u chi\u201d.<\/p>\n
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.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u201c T\u1ea2 \u0110\u1ea0O\u201d l\u00e0 \u201c D\u1eecU D\u00c2N\u201d(d\u00e2n x\u1ea5u).<\/p>\n
Theo\u00a0 H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1u Ch\u1eedu , D\u1eecU : \u201cc\u1ecf v\u1ef1c, hay m\u1ecdc trong ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i l\u00faa, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u00fang g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 D\u1eecU. T\u1ee5c d\u00e2n t\u1ed1t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u01af\u01a0NG, t\u1ee5c d\u00e2n x\u1ea5u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 D\u1eecU\u201d. Trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u201cThanh minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn\u201d c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cX\u01b0a nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb3ng ngay ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea3o\/\u0110\u1ed5 Gia t\u00f4, vu T\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi d\u1eadu d\u00e2n\/ R\u00e0y nh\u1eefng \u00e1n v\u00f4 ph\u1ee5 v\u00f4 qu\u00e2n\/ Gi\u1ebft quan kinh, c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a vua l\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3?\u201d. Ch\u1eef \u201c D\u1eacU D\u00c2N\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa th\u00edch : \u201cch\u1eef r\u1ea5t khinh b\u1ec9 do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Nho \u1edf n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n. D\u1eacU l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef D\u1eacU D\u00c2N l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 phe ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y m\u00e0 h\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u1eef D\u1eacU c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u00f4m na, th\u00f4 t\u1ee5c, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng\u201d (\u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea5n tinh hoa C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/i>, trg 504).Do tam sao th\u1ea5t b\u1ed5n n\u00ean m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u00e0: \u201c\u0110\u1ed5 Gia t\u00f4, vu T\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi d\u1eedu d\u00e2n\u201d.<\/p>\n
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Linh m\u1ee5c \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea5n khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, nh\u1edd trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ed9 Binh \u1edf kinh \u0111\u00f4 Hu\u1ebf tra h\u1ecfi. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n, L\u00e2m Duy Hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf , Linh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u0103n nguy\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng trong \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 c\u00f3 \u201c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u nghinh ngang\u201d: \u201cR\u1eb1ng: Vua c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n\/ Cho \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e9t ri\u00eang hai \u0111i\u1ec1u\/M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa D\u00eau\/ Nghe trong \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u nghinh ngang\/ Hai l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi gi\u1eb7c T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng \/Qua \u0111\u00e2y khu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i l\u00e0m ngang c\u1edb g\u00ec?\/ Bi\u1ebft sao n\u00f3i th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eebng khi\/ M\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf r\u1ed9ng suy th\u1ea9m t\u00ecnh\u201d.Linh m\u1ee5c \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cTu\u1ea5n r\u1eb1ng: nh\u1edd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh\/Ph\u1eadn t\u00f4i ty ti\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y\/\u00d4ng l\u1edbn cho ph\u00e9p n\u00f3i ngay\/ Th\u00ec t\u00f4i m\u1edbi d\u00e1m t\u1ecf b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1o nguy\u00ean\/\u0110\u1ea1o d\u1ea1y th\u1edd Ch\u00faa thi\u00eang li\u00eang\/D\u1ef1ng n\u00ean tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t ,c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n t\u1eed sinh\/H\u1ec5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh linh\/ Gi\u1eef noi \u0111\u00e0ng ch\u00e1nh, tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi\/ \u0110\u1ea1o d\u1ea1y th\u1edd vua d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi\/ V\u00ec vua thay m\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n\/ \u0110\u1ea1o d\u1ea1y th\u1ea3o k\u00ednh song th\u00e2n\/C\u00f9 lao b\u00e1o b\u1ed5 \u00e2n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1n \u01a1n\/\u1ea4y l\u00e0 ba \u0111\u1ea5ng tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n\/ G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tam Ph\u1ee5 c\u00f3 qu\u1eddn kh\u00e1c nhau\/\u0110\u1ea1o h\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3ng t\u1eadp d\u1ed3i trau\/\u0110\u1eddi nay v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef ,\u0111\u1eddi sau h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edd\/Th\u00e1nh kinh, Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o , Ch\u01b0 th\u01a1\/ \u0110inh ninh l\u1ebd th\u1eadt,s\u1edd s\u1edd \u0111\u00e0ng ngay\/ D\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e2u t\u00f4i d\u00e1m v\u1ebd b\u00e0y\/\u0110\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd, x\u01b0a nay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng\/R\u00f4 ma c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng\/ G\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u H\u1ed9i th\u00e1nh, m\u1ed1i mang \u0111\u1ea1o Tr\u1eddi\/ Tuy r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i\/ Gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu ch\u1ed1n ch\u1ed1n v\u00e2ng l\u1eddi Pha Pha\u201d (Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng xin n\u00f3i th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u201c \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa D\u00eau\u201d.Ch\u00faa D\u00eau l\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb DEOS ho\u1eb7c DEUS. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Th\u1eeba sai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Deos ho\u1eb7c Deus sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cCh\u00faa D\u00eau\u201d.C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cCh\u00faa D\u00eau\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. Trong b\u00e0i v\u00e3n d\u00e2ng hoa c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u201cL\u1ea1y \u01a1n \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Ch\u00faa D\u00eau ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady c\u00f9ng k\u00eau van b\u00e0\u201d)<\/p>\n
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C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 gi\u1eabm l\u00ean th\u1eadp\u00a0 t\u1ef1 : \u201c Truy\u1ec1n d\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c quan tr\u1ef1c t\u1ec9nh th\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c cho qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong h\u1ea1t bi\u1ebft, ai tr\u00f3t theo \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan cho nh\u1ea3y qua th\u1eadp \u00e1c xin b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec nay n\u00ean h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i, h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7t thu\u1eadn l\u00f2ng tr\u00e1i, l\u1ea1i theo t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o; ai ch\u01b0a b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec9nh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u00fa th\u1eadt, li\u1ec1n cho nh\u1ea3y qua th\u1eadp \u00e1c, gi\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00ean 2,3 l\u1ea7n, x\u00e9t l\u00e0 do \u1edf ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c cho v\u1ec1\u201d (\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 5, trg 502).Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n b\u01b0\u1edbc qua th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha: \u201c T\u1edbi quan truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t khi \/ H\u1ec5 bay xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o, tao th\u1eddi tha cho\/ \u0110\u1ee9a n\u00e0o c\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5 c\u01b0\u1ee3ng co\/ D\u00e2y roi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ecdc v\u1ed3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y\/B\u00e2y \u0111\u1eebng quen th\u00f3i d\u1ea1i ng\u00e2y\/ \u0110\u1ea1o ta th\u1eddi b\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ea1o T\u00e2y l\u1ea1i th\u1edd\/Kh\u00e1 tua c\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd\/ B\u01b0\u1edbc qua th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ng\u00f5 nh\u1edd \u01a1n tha\/Ch\u1eb3ng nghe tao c\u0169ng x\u1ebb da\/ Ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i ra h\u1eb1ng h\u00e0\u201d.\u00a0 N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u01b0\u1edbc qua th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y m\u1edbi gia h\u00ecnh. Linh m\u1ee5c \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea5n khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft gi\u1ea3i l\u00ean t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p khi quan b\u1eaft b\u01b0\u1edbc qua \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u201c \u0110\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u00e1n s\u00e1t t\u1ea3 dinh\/Truy\u1ec1n g\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft di\u1ec7p b\u00ecnh minh \u0111em v\u00e0o\/S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y B\u1ed1, \u00c1n ng\u1ed3i cao\/\u0110\u00f2i Tu\u1ea5n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i khai\/D\u1ea1y \u0111em s\u00e1ch l\u1ec5 ra ngo\u00e0i\/Gi\u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i Ch\u00faa ta\/Quan r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTu\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc qua\/ Ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5n tra b\u00e2y gi\u1edd\u201d\/ \u201c B\u1ea9m \u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i nh\u1edd\/\u1ea2nh n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh Ch\u00faa t\u00f4i th\u1edd x\u01b0a nay\/Th\u1edd vua c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft ngay\/Th\u1edd Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e2u d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ea1p gi\u00e0y th\u1ebf ni?\/ Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ednh v\u00ec\/Ng\u00e0y nay tr\u1edf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111i sao \u0111\u00e0nh?\/\u00d4ng l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m t\u00ecnh\/ V\u1ed1n t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng d\u00e1m m\u1ea1n khinh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d\/ B\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u1eafn n\u00f3i c\u0169ng minh\u201d\/ D\u1ea1y \u0111em s\u00e1ch l\u1ec5 ngo\u00e0i dinh tr\u1edf v\u00e0o\u201d.<\/p>\n
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C\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb nh\u00e1t gan : \u201cNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c linh chinh\/Lo s\u1ee3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t ,u minh ph\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eddi\/V\u00e0o quan ch\u01b0a h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi\/\u0110\u00e3 lo xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi cho an\/Ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: Li\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc ngang\/ Mai sau th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd toan lo li\u1ec1u\u201d C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9 d\u1ecda voi gi\u1ea7y, g\u01b0\u01a1m ch\u00e9m c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o : \u201c Nh\u01b0 \u1edf Kinh n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 D\u01b0\u01a1ng Xu\u00e2n, theo \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4, \u00e1n x\u1eed ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 ngay, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111em m\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft theo, tuy d\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng oai voi gi\u1ea7y v\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1m ch\u00e9m, c\u0169ng cam xin ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa sao m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf\u201d (\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 5 trg172). C\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i Linh m\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbc qua th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 : \u201cC\u00f2n\u00a0 nh\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t, Mai V\u0103n Hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t khi ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ea1p ph\u00e1 th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 b\u1ecf t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1o th\u00ec tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c tha t\u1ed9i, nay ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nh\u00e0 an d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ecdn tu\u1ed5i tr\u1eddi, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o\u201d( \u0110NTL t\u1eadp 5 trg554). Gioan Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n Duy\u1ec7t thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1eadn T\u00e2y \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i, Vincent Mai \u0110\u1ea1o Hi\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i . Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Th\u1eeba sai l\u00e0 hai v\u1ecb n\u00e0y\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng cho thi h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 (Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n, t\u1eadp2 s\u0111d, trg 89). V\u00e0 theo Louvet: \u201c \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 2 linh m\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng theo \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 Linh m\u1ee5c Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec1u tuy b\u01b0\u1edbc qua th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb x\u1eed ch\u00e9m: \u201c T\u1ec9nh Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng Gia t\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u0110inh Vi\u1ebft D\u1ee5, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Xuy\u00ean(\u0111\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c), sai nh\u1ea3y qua th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu. Quan t\u1ec9nh \u0111em vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y t\u00e2u l\u00ean. Vua sai gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng cho k\u1ebb t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c 600 quan ti\u1ec1n. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Thi\u1ec1u l\u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n \u1edf nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ea7m \u1ea9n th\u00e2n, l\u00e0m v\u00e1ch hai l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea5u kinh \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m b\u00e0i \u201c Th\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1o ng\u00e2m\u201d (Th\u1edf than cho \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4)<\/i>d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb\u00a0 <\/i>theo \u0111\u1ea1o ki\u00ean t\u00e2m gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1o. T\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1i th\u00e1m b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, Thi\u1ec1u xin nh\u1ea3y qua th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u tha cho t\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft. Quan t\u1ec9nh cho l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1eb7ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 y th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m, xin kh\u00e9p v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i tr\u1ea3m quy\u1ebft. Vua theo l\u1eddi\u201d( \u0110NTL t\u1eadp 5, trg 583).<\/p>\n
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Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nghi ng\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 l\u00e0 theo T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng cho T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i giam gi\u1eef gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c.Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec m\u01b0\u1ee3n danh ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 do truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1859 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p k\u00e9o qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng v\u00e0o x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh: \u201cKh\u00e9o l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i b\u00e1o oan gia\/T\u00ednh b\u1ec1 tr\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i , kh\u00e9o pha vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh!\/ M\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00e2u gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m danh\/ L\u00e0m cho gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu tan t\u00e0nh phen ni\/L\u00e0m cho Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh nghi\/Giam c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c khinh khi \u0111\u1ea1o Tr\u1eddi\/ L\u00e0m cho xao x\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1eddi \/R\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eddi gi\u00f3 tr\u0103ng\u201d. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 oan \u1ee9c: \u201c K\u1ebb \u1edf T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng qua b\u1eafn s\u00fang\/ Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean Nam Vi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i mang g\u00f4ng\/Tr\u1eddi cao c\u1ed5 v\u1eafn k\u00eau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u\/L\u1ebd v\u1eady t\u00ecnh ngay ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t c\u00f9ng\/ \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f3c\/ Kh\u00e1c tr\u1eddi, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec3n, kh\u00e1c t\u00e2y \u0111\u00f4ng\u201d<\/p>\n
C\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u201c x\u00edch t\u1eed\u201d (con \u0111\u1ecf) c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7: \u201c C\u0169ng th\u1eddi x\u00edch t\u1eed tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh\/Thu\u1ebf x\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7, binh \u0111inh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 mang ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea5t trung\/ M\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh nghi ng\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00f2ng o\u00e1n v\u01b0u\/Cam l\u00f2ng s\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n giam l\u01b0u\/Ph\u1ea3i sao ch\u1ecbu v\u1eady ch\u1eb3ng c\u01b0u l\u00f2ng phi\u1ec1n\u201d<\/p>\n
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M\u1eb7c cho ai nghi ng\u1ea1i , ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa v\u1eabn chu to\u00e0n b\u1ed5n ph\u1ea9n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n: \u201c C\u00f3 k\u1ebb tr\u00e1ch theo t\u00e0u l\u00e0m gi\u1eb7c\/ c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ea m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng? G\u1eabm coi oan khu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec1\/ X\u01b0a nay ai bi\u1ebft t\u00e0u b\u00e8 l\u00e0 ai?\/T\u00e0u v\u1ed1n \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn\/Ta l\u00e0 d\u00e2n trung t\u00edn qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng\/ Ph\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng,th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\/ N\u00e0o ai t\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1u khinh\u201d.Trong b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n d\u00e2ng l\u00ean vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c, Linh m\u1ee5c \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea5n c\u0169ng thanh minh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y: \u201cTh\u1ea3, cai \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n chi binh \u0111inh t\u00f4 thu\u1ebf, th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng, d\u1eef b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n v\u00f4 d\u1ecb, n\u00e3i nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb x\u1eed tr\u00ed chi, n\u0103ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ecb chi nh\u00e2n, nhi l\u00e2m t\u1ed5ng qu\u1ea7n c\u01b0 chi h\u1ea1, an h\u1eefu th\u1ecfa d\u00e2n d\u1eef t\u1ec1 d\u00e2n chi ngh\u0129a\u201d (Hu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa, l\u0169 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c l\u00ednh, ch\u1ecbu x\u00e2u ch\u1ecbu thu\u1ebf c\u0169ng y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, sao l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed ri\u00eang v\u1edbi h\u1ecd theo c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y, l\u00e0m sao kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua xem mu\u00f4n d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 con \u0111\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fat n\u00e0o?- Lam Giang d\u1ecbch)<\/p>\n
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V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng: \u0110\u1ea0O l\u00e0 TH\u1ef0C D\u00c2N ho\u1eb7c TH\u1ef0C D\u00c2N l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea0O: \u201c \u0110\u1ea1o T\u00e2y b\u1ea3o khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i\/Ch\u1edb ng\u1ea1o ki\u00eau, b\u1ecf th\u00f3i c\u1eady m\u00ecnh\/ C\u1edb sao d\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng binh \u0111ao\/ C\u1edb sao k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi?\/ \u1ede ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi g\u00f3c bi\u1ec3n\/ Gi\u00f3 ng\u1ef1a tr\u00e2u can h\u1ec7 chi nhau? N\u00e0o ng\u1edd qua l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u\/ L\u1ebd tr\u1eddi ph\u00e9p n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u tr\u1ec5 tr\u00e0ng\/ Hay \u0111\u00e2u thu\u1ed9c l\u1ed1i quen \u0111\u00e0ng\/ Kh\u00e1t th\u00e8m m\u1ed1i l\u1ee3i b\u00e8n qu\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u00ecnh\/ Ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0nh\/ Khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i \u1ea5y c\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh n\u01a1i nao?\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cL\u1ea1i Th\u1eadp Gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa\/ m\u1ed9t n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ch\u1edb tham\/C\u1edb sao non bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam\/M\u1eaft v\u1eeba xem th\u1ea5y, mi\u1ec7ng th\u00e8m, l\u00f2ng qu\u00ean\/ C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng mua, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xin? \/Li\u1ec1u toan t\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn m\u1eb7t ai\/ Ch\u1eb3ng qua c\u1eady s\u1ee9c c\u1eady t\u00e0i\/ C\u1eady gi\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c s\u00fang, c\u1eady hay m\u00e1y t\u00e0u\/ N\u00e0o can, n\u00e0o gi\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\/\u0110\u1ea1o n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u Nh\u00e0 Chung?\/\u0110\u1ea1o n\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1ee7 l\u00f2ng\/ M\u00e0 anh em c\u0169ng c\u1eady tr\u00f4ng n\u1ed7i g\u00ec?\u201d(Ng\u1ee5y Kh\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea3n, Ho\u00e1n m\u00ea kh\u00fac).<\/p>\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quan \u1edf b\u1ed9 Binh, Linh m\u1ee5c \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 v\u00e0 b\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ly gi\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u1ea3nh n\u1ed3i da x\u00e1o th\u1ecbt: \u201c Nh\u01b0 gi\u1eb7c b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc R\u00f4 ma \/ Th\u00ec t\u00f4i cam ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ea1o qua qu\u1ea5y r\u1ea7y\/V\u1ed1n nay ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u1ea7y\/ Lang Sa n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00e2y chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng\/Gi\u1eb7c n\u00e0y t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1eddng\/Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ee3i danh\/ V\u1eady n\u00ean g\u00e2y cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh\/N\u1ebfu \u0111i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh sao n\u00ean?\/Xin suy l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c n\u0103m tr\u00ean\/ \u0110\u1ea1o m\u00e0 n\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e0u Lang Sa\/Th\u00ec khi t\u00e0u \u1ea5y m\u1edbi qua\/K\u00e9o nhau b\u1ecf x\u1ee9 ch\u1ea1y h\u00f2a theo T\u00e2y\/B\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng n\u00e0y\/\u0110\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh x\u01b0a nay nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng\/ Ph\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng, th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\/ Binh thu\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ,ki\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\/Kh\u00f4ng l\u00f2ng m\u1ea1n ph\u00e9p d\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u01a1i\/ Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, kh\u00f4ng l\u1eddi khinh khi\/ \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u1eb3ng d\u00e1m xu\u1ea5t,b\u1ecf \u0111i\/L\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e2u v\u00ec Lang Sa!\/ Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb9 cha\/ b\u1eaft b\u1edb th\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu, th\u1ee9 tha th\u1eddi nh\u1edd\u201d<\/p>\n
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B\u1edfi nghi ng\u1ea1i theo \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 theo T\u00e2y n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 l\u00f2ng \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c khi qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta: \u201cPh\u1ea3i m\u00e0 tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu ban\/Truy\u1ec1n cho b\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00f9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ef1 T\u00e2y\/ Cam l\u00f2ng li\u1ec1u th\u00e1c b\u1ecf th\u00e2y\/\u01a0n vua tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7ng l\u00f2ng n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u01b0ng\/K\u1ebbo r\u1eb1ng: Tr\u1edf m\u1eb7t , s\u1ea5p l\u01b0ng\/ \u1ede trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed5 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1eebng T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. Linh m\u1ee5c \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea5n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh: \u201c Ch\u00ed nh\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00fa L\u00e3ng Sa t\u1ee9 b\u1ea1o x\u00e2m l\u0103ng, t\u1ee9c s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh cai \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c l\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u. H\u1eefu c\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u1eefu d\u1ecb t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3 tru k\u1ef3 t\u1ed9c, cai \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n tuy ph\u1ea5n c\u1ed1t to\u00e1i th\u00e2n, di\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3 b\u00e1o nhi b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb k\u1ef3 t\u00e2m. N\u0103ng gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ebfu k\u1ef3 n\u0103ng, d\u0169ng gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ebfu k\u1ef3 l\u1ef1c, t\u1ea5t tr\u00ed b\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eb7c nhi h\u1eadu d\u0129\u201d (\u0110\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n b\u1edd c\u00f5i th\u00ec nh\u00e0 vua s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh cho l\u0169 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng. Ai c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ee9a n\u00e0o c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng b\u1ea5t trung th\u00ec gi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd n\u00f3 \u0111i. L\u0169 theo \u0111\u1ea1o kia d\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e1t th\u1ecbt tan, quy\u1ebft c\u0169ng gi\u1eef t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng trung ki\u00ean b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1n \u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc. K\u1ebb c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng th\u00ec hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, k\u1ebb c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh tan b\u1ecdn gi\u1eb7c Bi\u1ec3n m\u1edbi th\u00f4i \u2013 Lam Giang d\u1ecbch)<\/p>\n
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D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi vua Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edbt g\u1eaft gao h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 15\/04\/1847 hai t\u00e0u chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p b\u1eafn ch\u00ecm 5 t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng th\u00ec vua Thi\u1ec7u Tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi ban h\u00e0nh l\u1ec7nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea1o g\u1eaft gao. Sau v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4. Trong cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7n C\u01a1 m\u1eadt t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 ,nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n: \u201cThuy\u1ec1n T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 xin b\u1ecf c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4 v\u00e0 xin th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u0103ng Qu\u1ebf tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf c\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c!\u201d. Vua l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp: \u201c\u2026 Nhung \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng s\u00e0i lang, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4 l\u00e0 t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1i h\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edfi chuy\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chinh chi\u1ebfn\u201d (\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 6, trg 985)<\/p>\n
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N\u0103m 1858 Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5 s\u00fang t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c truy n\u00e3 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 ra\u00a0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng, ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp tay v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 n\u00f3i chung, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ra l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i canh ch\u1eebng, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng truy n\u00e3. Ng\u00e0y 05\/02 n\u0103m T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 12 (09\/03\/1859) C\u01a1 m\u1eadt vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eadt t\u01b0 cho c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cNay v\u00e2ng ch\u00e2u ph\u00ea: D\u00e2n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea5n an ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng l\u1ecfng\u2026\u201d(Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c quy\u1ec3n 104, C\u01a1 m\u1eadt trg49-50. D\u1eabn l\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n, t\u1eadp 2 , trg220)<\/p>\n
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\u1ede c\u00e1c c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u, c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c l\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1, ai mu\u1ed1n \u0111i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u01b0\u1edbc qua th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 hai ba l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi cho \u0111i. Ng\u00e0y 24\/09 n\u0103m T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 11 (30\/10\/1858) M\u1eadt t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 Binh cho t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean: \u201c L\u00e2u nay D\u01b0\u01a1ng di g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 \u1edf t\u1ea5n \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, gian d\u00e2n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi ng\u00f3ng tr\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7m th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ee9c, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e9t h\u1ecfi nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng. X\u00e9t ra \u1edf qu\u00ed h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 hai c\u1eeda quan l\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0nh S\u01a1n l\u00e0 hai n\u01a1i quan y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 xa c\u00e1ch, v\u1eady xin chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ee9c cho c\u00e1c vi\u00ean bi\u1ec1n tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 hai c\u1eeda quan \u1ea5y h\u00e3y ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gia t\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda quan, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai ra v\u00e0o, d\u00f9 nam ph\u1ee5 l\u00e3o \u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft b\u01b0\u1edbc qua l\u1ea1i hai, ba l\u1ea7n, r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi cho \u0111i. N\u1ebfu ai tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu b\u01b0\u1edbc qua, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gian, cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee9 v\u1eb7n h\u1ecfi do lai, l\u1ee5c so\u00e1t kh\u1eafp th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu g\u1eb7p c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee9u x\u00e9t tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ecdn gian qua l\u1ea1i m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e2y chuy\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c(\u2026). Nay t\u01b0 cho t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh tu\u00e2n h\u00e0nh. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa (ch\u00e2u \u0111i\u1ec3m) t\u01b0 di cho ph\u1ee7 Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ee9c cho c\u1eeda quan H\u1ea3i V\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ea5u\u201d (Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c,Q 94, Binh B\u1ed9, trg 33-34. D\u1eabn l\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n, t\u1eadp 2, trg220-221). Ng\u00e0y 07\/04 T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c n\u0103m th\u1ee9 12 (1859) \u201c d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c ra l\u1ec7nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba d\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u1edf Nam K\u1ef3, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eebng \u0111i theo gi\u1eb7c Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1eebng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p. Ra l\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m h\u00ecnh Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea su v\u00e0 c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3n gi\u1eb7c, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111i qua\u201d (Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c(1848-1883),Nxb V\u0103n h\u1ecdc ,trg 67). Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2y th\u1eadp t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c l\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Sohier vi\u1ebft trong th\u01b0 23\/08\/1859 : \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao qu\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00fang ta; \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c \u0111i bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n\u201d ( Annales de la Propagation de la Foi<\/i> (APF) t\u1eadp 32 trg 331. D\u1eabn l\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1 C\u1ea7n, t\u1eadp 2 , trg 220)<\/p>\n
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Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng canh ch\u1eebng v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn, m\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f2n ra l\u1ec7nh t\u1eadp trung nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c, trai tr\u00e1ng trong c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Cho t\u1edbi th\u00e1ng 10\/1859, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 Qu\u1ea3ng Nam, Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n
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Ng\u00e0y 12\/11 n\u0103m T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 12(1859) trong Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n ghi: \u201cVi\u1ec7n C\u01a1 m\u1eadt b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c vi\u00ean B\u1ed1 ch\u00e1nh Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a \u0110\u1ed7 Th\u00fac T\u0129nh \u0111em h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c d\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c\u201d(Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c(1848-1883), S\u0111d, trg 85). S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n gi\u1ebft v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c d\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4 \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Nha Trang nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3! Ri\u00eang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201c \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea5n tinh hoa \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d \u1edf trang 92 c\u00f3 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean c\u00e1c Linh m\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o sau \u00a0khi Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng v\u00e0 Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh: \u201c \u1edf Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 cha \u0110\u1ed7ng, cha Minh; \u1edf Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean cha Chung; \u1edf Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a cha L\u1ee3i; \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Nam cha C\u00e1t; \u1edf B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn cha<\/i> C\u1ea3nh; \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng B\u00ecnh cha Trung; \u1edf Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean cha S\u0129\u201d<\/i> v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ghi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa th\u00edch n\u00e0o c\u1ea3! Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c \u1edf Kh\u00e1nh h\u00f2a b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cha L\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n
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L\u1ec7nh ph\u00e2n s\u00e1p<\/b><\/p>\n
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\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>\u00a0C\u00f3\u00a0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch ghi l\u00e0 \u201c PH\u00c2N TH\u00c1P\u201d. Theo H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1u Ch\u1eedu c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 9 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u00e2m \u201c TH\u00c1P\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng, c\u1ea5y, gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u1ea3! PH\u00c2N c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chia; t\u00e1ch gh\u1ebd ra; chia r\u1ebd , nh\u01b0 \u201cph\u00e2n th\u1ee7\u201d l\u00e0 chia tay m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e3. S\u00c1P thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 \u201cTh\u1ee7\u201dc\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1eafm v\u00e0o, l\u00e1ch v\u00e0o; tr\u1ed3ng, c\u1ea5y. PH\u00c2N S\u00c1P c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chia ra v\u00e0 gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
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\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>\u00a0T\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1859, l\u1ec7nh t\u1eadp trung c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n s\u00e1p c\u00e1c trai tr\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc (APF t\u1eadp 32 trang 350-351: Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Sohier 10\/01\/1860. D\u1eabn l\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n ,t\u1eadp 2, trg222).<\/p>\n
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Ng\u00e0y 13\/09 n\u0103m T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 12 (1859) : \u201c Nay truy\u1ec1n d\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng su\u1ed1t Nam B\u1eafc h\u00e3y l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfu theo danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c d\u1eefu d\u00e2n trong h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u bi\u1ec7n c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecdn \u1ea5y , t\u00f9y c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec g\u1ecdi b\u1ecdn \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ec9nh. Ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi cho h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ecdn ki\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t t\u00ean n\u00e0o, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u d\u1ee5 cho bi\u1ebft l\u1ebd thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch, r\u1ed3i s\u1ee9c ch\u00fang \u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ea7m gi\u1eef ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng cho t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n
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\u201c N\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00ec giao cho c\u00e1c binh x\u00e3 giam gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang qu\u00e2y qu\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 sanh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i. Tr\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, tr\u1ebb con, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i; c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng t\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ng n\u00e0o an ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m xu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec th\u00f4i, n\u1ebfu t\u00ean n\u00e0o b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n tr\u00f4ng ng\u00f3ng, ngo\u00e0i thu\u1eadn trong ngh\u1ecbch th\u00ec \u0111em PH\u00c2N S\u00c1P ngay \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u00e3 th\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng theo t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n th\u00fac. Trong \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebb n\u00e0o ng\u1ea7m m\u01b0u th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi gi\u1eb7c v\u00e0 h\u1ed1ng h\u00e1ch qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u d\u00e2n x\u00e9t th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u200e \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c y\u1ebft th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho ph\u00e9p B\u00ccNH D\u00c2N chung quanh ra s\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111em n\u1ed9p. N\u1ebfu k\u1ebb n\u00e0o d\u00e1m ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 c\u1ee9 gi\u1ebft ngay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u00e0n. T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n chia. Ai b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u01b0\u1edfng hay ki\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c th\u00ec chi\u1ebfu theo s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00e2u r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c ban cho quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u0103ng h\u00e1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c . Xem nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc man di khi \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u1edbi D\u01b0\u01a1ng di c\u00f2n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c b\u1eaft h\u1ebft d\u1eedu d\u00e2n \u0111em b\u1eafn gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ed1i h\u1ecda b\u00ean trong, hu\u1ed1ng chi ta l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay g\u00ecn gi\u1eef k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn d\u1eedu d\u00e2n hay sao?\u201d (Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c, Q 111, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ee5 ,trg 205-208. D\u1eabn l\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n, t\u1eadp 2, trg224)<\/p>\n
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Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1861, sau khi qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 Ch\u00ed H\u00f2a v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 cho vi\u1ec7c k\u00ed k\u1ebft h\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n lo s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh ph\u00e2n s\u00e1p , l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y b\u1eaft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu, nam ,ph\u1ee5 ,l\u00e3o , \u1ea5u \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch v\u00e0o b\u00ean m\u00e1 tr\u00e1i hai ch\u1eef \u201cT\u1ea2 \u0110\u1ea0O\u201d v\u00e0 b\u00ean m\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ean t\u1ed5ng, huy\u1ec7n n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n giao cho c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o qu\u1ea3n th\u00fac. N\u0103m T\u00e2n D\u1eadu(1861) T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 14, th\u00e1ng 6 : \u201c\u2026S\u1ee9c r\u00f5 l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n s\u00e1p d\u1eedu d\u00e2n cho nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n s\u00e1p d\u1eedu d\u00e2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00f3t l\u1ecdt. Nay c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee7 huy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i thi h\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh, ph\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1eefu d\u00e2n nam ph\u1ee5 l\u00e3o \u1ea5u, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o hay ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00edch ch\u1eef v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t \u0111em ph\u00e2n s\u00e1p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c x\u00e3 th\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o, ki\u1ec3m th\u00fac ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c ki\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7t th\u00ec v\u1eabn nghi\u00eam giam nh\u01b0 c\u0169. N\u1ebfu T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec \u0111em b\u1ecdn n\u00e0y ra gi\u1ebft h\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9a k\u1ebb gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i x\u1ea3y chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec th\u00ec c\u1ee9 theo qu\u00e2n ph\u00e1p tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i\u201d (\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 7 ,trg 725).<\/p>\n
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L\u1ec7nh ph\u00e2n s\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban ra, gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00eca xa nguy\u00ean qu\u00e1n , \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf trong l\u00e0ng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u1edf t\u00f9. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i chia l\u00eca: \u201c Ph\u00e2n cha l\u00e0ng n\u1ecd, s\u00e1p con l\u00e0ng n\u00e0y\u201d. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00f2m x\u00f3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0 th\u1eeba c\u01a1 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n s\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, mua \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u01b0u chi\u1ebfm ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n l\u00e2m n\u1ea1n n\u1eefa: \u201c Tr\u00e1t ra cho c\u00e1c x\u00e3 l\u00e0ng\/ T\u1ef1u nha l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c cho quan m\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n\/\u0110\u1ea1o r\u00e0y ph\u00e2n s\u00e1p c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n\/L\u00e0m vi canh nh\u1eb7t gi\u1eef g\u00ecn ch\u1edb tha\/L\u00e0ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 tr\u1ed1n ra\/ T\u1ed9i t\u00ecnh ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1ecf,oan gia ch\u1eb3ng v\u1eeba\/Gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf b\u1eaft b\u1eeba\/B\u1eaft ra th\u00edch t\u1ef1 ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1eeba g\u00e1i trai\/T\u1ed9i chi n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft h\u1ecfi ai\/X\u1ebb m\u00e0y, x\u1ebb m\u1eb7t, ch\u1ecbu chai, ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef3\/ C\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c \u1ea3, c\u00e1c d\u00ec\/K\u1ebb th\u00ec xin l\u00e3nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111\u00f2i mua\/R\u00fat l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng gi\u01a1 cua\/ L\u00e1 r\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i, x\u00f4i ch\u00f9a kh\u00f3 \u0103n\/Th\u00edch r\u1ed3i quan l\u1ea1i d\u1ea1y r\u0103n\/ L\u00e0m t\u1edd giao l\u00e3nh, vi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khi\/ C\u00e1c l\u00e0ng c\u1ee9 s\u1ed1 l\u00e3nh \u0111i\/D\u1ee1 nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c d\u1eabn t\u00f9y theo tay\/ Ngh\u1eb9n ng\u00e0o tr\u0103m n\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eafng cay\/M\u01b0a sa h\u00e0ng l\u1ee5y, gi\u00f3 day ng\u1ecdn s\u1ea7u\/S\u00f3ng ng\u00e3 l\u01b0\u1edbt d\u1eadp thuy\u1ec1n c\u00e2u\/Ta \u0111\u00e0 l\u00e2m l\u1ee5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2u y\u00eau v\u00ec\/ X\u00f3m l\u00e0ng b\u1ee3m b\u00e3i thi\u1ebfu chi\/ Mi\u1ec7ng th\u0103m c\u00f4, b\u00e1c, l\u00f2ng th\u00ec tham \u00f4\/H\u1ecfi han n\u1ec7m, chi\u1ebfu, k\u1ef7, v\u00f2\/Ng\u1ef1a, ph\u1ea3n, gh\u1ebf, t\u1ee7 g\u1edfi m\u00f4 cho r\u1ed3i?\/Th\u00f4i th\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho t\u00f4i\/ C\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1ng hai ch\u1ee5c giao th\u1eddi \u00edt quan!\/Th\u1ea3o n\u00e0o m\u00e8o l\u1ea1i \u0103n than\/K\u1ebb khi\u00eang c\u00e1i n\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang c\u00e1i n\u00e0y\/ T\u1edbi lui th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e0y\/ Ngo\u00e0i mi\u1ec7ng m\u1ebfu m\u00e1o trong tay qu\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3\/Th\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng anh ch\u1ecb, c\u1eadu c\u00f4\/ Ra th\u00e2n b\u1ecf x\u1ee9 , thu\u1edf m\u00f4 t\u00e1i h\u1ed3i?\/ Ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho t\u00f4i\/ Mai sau v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7ng s\u1ebd h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i cho\/ Ra \u0111i th\u00e2n xi\u1ebft n\u1ed7i lo\/ L\u00faa th\u00f3c g\u1edfi l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3i no m\u1eb7c tr\u1eddi\/Lang thang g\u00e1nh x\u00e1ch t\u1ea3 t\u01a1i\/Gi\u00e3 t\u1eeb qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n, t\u1edbi n\u01a1i giam c\u1ea7m\u201d.<\/p>\n
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Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00ec h\u1ecd quy t\u1ee5 v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh x\u00f3m, th\u00e0nh \u1ea5p. V\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch h\u1ecd ra ,s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp h\u1ecd v\u00e0o l\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng cho \u1edf l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean qu\u00e1n th\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd nh\u1edb nh\u00e0, nh\u1edb c\u1eeda v\u00e0 s\u1ebd xin xu\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m \u0103n.<\/p>\n
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T\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n s\u00e1p r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5: \u201c M\u1ecbt m\u00f9 m\u1ea5y d\u1eb7m n\u01b0\u1edbc non\/Ph\u00e2n cha l\u00e0ng n\u1ecd, s\u00e1p con l\u00e0ng n\u00e0y\/Ch\u00f4ng gai h\u00e0o l\u0169y ph\u1ee7 v\u00e2y\/G\u00f4ng c\u00f9m ngang d\u1ecdc\/ v\u1ed3 d\u00e2y ch\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0ng\u201d. \u0110i \u0111\u00e2u m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh gi\u1eef: \u201cXin \u0111i m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y\/ C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e1c g\u1eady, c\u1ea7m c\u00e2y theo h\u1ea7u\u201d. C\u00f2n chuy\u1ec7n kinh s\u00e1ch th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m c\u00f4ng khai: \u201c B\u0103ng x\u0103ng m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i lo \u00e2u\/ Kinh \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea7m th\u0129, d\u00e1m \u0111\u00e2u ch\u00e0ng r\u00e0ng\/K\u1ebb kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi than van\/L\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf, ng\u1ee1 ng\u00e0ng b\u00e0 con\u201d<\/p>\n
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Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e2n s\u00e1p m\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u1ecb xem r\u1ebb.Trong Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n ghi ng\u00e0y 22\/10 n\u0103m T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 14 (1861) cho ch\u00fang ta h\u00ecnh dung : \u201c N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed tr\u00ed v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4 do b\u1ed9 H\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o theo s\u1ef1 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n
\u201c – T\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y \u0111i l\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c b\u1ecb b\u1eaft giam, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n d\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ch\u00e9m.<\/p>\n
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\u201c\u00a0 –\u00a0 T\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9 t\u00f9y theo n\u01a1i tr\u1ed1n xa hay g\u1ea7n. Qu\u00e1 3 l\u1ea7n tr\u1ed1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u1eed ch\u00e9m.<\/p>\n
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\u201c –\u00a0\u00a0 Gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n , \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c b\u1ecb giam m\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u1ee5c hai l\u1ea7n c\u0169ng b\u1ecb x\u1eed ch\u00e9m\u201d (Ch\u00e2u b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c( !8.48-1883),S\u0111d,trg112)<\/p>\n
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Sau khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Linh m\u1ee5c \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea5n v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3n minh oan cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4, n\u00ean tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed Linh m\u1ee5c \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea5n th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n Phan Thanh Gi\u1ea3n- L\u00e2m Duy Hi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u1ecb h\u00f2a. Ng\u00e0y ngh\u1ecb h\u00f2a di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 1 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t(06\/06\/1862). Ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t 19\/06\/1862) ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111i ngh\u1ecb h\u00f2a v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn Hu\u1ebf. Ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t (24\/06\/1862) nh\u00e0 vua ban chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 tha t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nam ph\u1ee5 l\u00e3o \u1ea5u theo \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n. Ri\u00eang nam tr\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n giam. Ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t( 00\/07\/1862) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nam tr\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea: \u201c T\u00e0u vua v\u1ec1 Hu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i\/Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00eam m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng tr\u0103ng\u201d, \u201c M\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 ra\/Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, l\u00e3o \u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec1u tha cho v\u1ec1\/ D\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p g\u00e1nh x\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea\/ Nam tr\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c c\u00f2n giam m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1\u201d, \u201c M\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng s\u00e1u ch\u1ec9 ra\/Nam tr\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ee5c th\u1ea3y tha ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i\u201d.<\/p>\n
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Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 ghi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tha b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 sau: V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t : \u201cChu\u1ea9n cho ph\u1ee7 Th\u1eeba Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c t\u1ec9nh, x\u00e9t xem nh\u1eefng b\u1ecdn d\u00e2n x\u1ea5u (d\u1eedu d\u00e2n)<\/i> theo \u0111\u1ea1o, hi\u1ec7n b\u1ecb giam v\u00e0 an tr\u00ed, c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb em, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 con g\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 hay ch\u01b0a b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng trai tr\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u tha v\u1ec1, ru\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1eddn, gia s\u1ea3n c\u1ea5p tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n cho ra l\u00ednh, t\u1ea1p d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. V\u00ec l\u00e0 k\u00ednh g\u1eb7p ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1nh ti\u1ebft th\u00e1nh th\u1ecd, cho n\u00ean ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ban \u01a1n n\u00e0y\u201d (\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 7, trg777)<\/p>\n
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K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t(1862): \u201c L\u1ea1i tha t\u1ed9i cho nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n x\u1ea5u (d\u1eedu d\u00e2n)<\/i> ch\u01b0a b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t, l\u1ea5y c\u1edb l\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb h\u00f2a \u0111\u00e3 xong, n\u00ean b\u1ecf l\u1ec7 c\u1ea5m \u0111\u00f3 (tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch danh th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi gi\u1eb7c do quan \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e9t r\u00f5 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed9i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb giam hay an tr\u00ed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ecf v\u00e0 trai tr\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec1u cho tha h\u1ebft, ru\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1eddn, gia s\u1ea3n, ra l\u00ednh, t\u1ea1p d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n tu\u00e2n theo d\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 l\u00e0m)\u201d(\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 7,trg 780-781).<\/p>\n
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\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00a0d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb<\/p>\n
\u201cAN TR\u00cd\u201d thay cho \u201cPH\u00c2N S\u00c1P\u201d.<\/p>\n
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\u1ede nh\u00e0 th\u1edd gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 An V\u00e2n \u1edf Hu\u1ebf c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed3ng chung \u0111\u00fac n\u0103m 1876 c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ch\u00ecm d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef\u00a0 v\u1eeba H\u00e1n v\u1eeba N\u00f4m v\u00e0o th\u00e2n h\u1ed3ng chung ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c tha b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea1o. Phi\u00ean \u00e2m: Khi Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf gi\u00e1ng d\u1ee5 tha \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i lo \u0111\u00fac c\u00e1i chu\u00f4ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 d\u00e2ng cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa B\u00e0 M\u00f4i Kh\u00f4i, l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n m\u1ea1ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd An V\u00e2n m\u00e0 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng m\u1eebng c\u00f9ng c\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed9i \u01a1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u00e1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp c\u1eedu ni\u00ean, tam nguy\u1ec7t, nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ea1o\u201d (Ng\u00e0y 20, th\u00e1ng 03 T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c n\u0103m th\u1ee9 29 \u2013 1876) (Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7, Nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u00c1 \u0111\u00f4ng trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nh\u00e0 th\u1edd An V\u00e2n<\/i> , T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Hu\u1ebf X\u01b0a&Nay s\u1ed1 100(7-8\/2010), trg 96-100).<\/p>\n
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Sau n\u0103m 1862 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 n\u00e0o c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea1o n\u1eefa. Ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tha \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ean h\u1ed3ng chung nh\u00e0 th\u1edd An V\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang v\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1866-1867 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tin d\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 Linh m\u1ee5c Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u1eb1ng, Linh m\u1ee5c Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Th\u01a1, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed9, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Gauthier (Ng\u00f4 Gia H\u1eadu), Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Sohier (B\u00ecnh). Ri\u00eang Linh m\u1ee5c \u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea5n sau khi th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n nghi h\u00f2a xong, Linh m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh v\u1eddi ra Hu\u1ebf hai l\u1ea7n : \u201cCh\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f2i ra Hu\u1ebf hai l\u1ea7n\/Vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2n, vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n nguy\u00ean\u201d<\/p>\n
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Th\u1eeba sai Louvet \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o sau\u00a0 qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed5 s\u00fang x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm Vi\u1ec7t Nam: \u201c S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta (t\u1ee9c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o cu\u1ed9c b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00e9t, t\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i th\u1edd k\u00ednh t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i bang, l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n lo\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 k\u1ebb m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (\u2026)T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i n\u00e0y; tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. Do \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 xa l\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nho s\u0129 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i bang\u2026\u201d. V\u00e0 Th\u1eeba sai Louvet \u0111\u00e3 : \u201c K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean bao gi\u1edd, d\u1eabu v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ngay th\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111em chung l\u1ed9n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u201d ( Louvet, la Cochinchine Religieuse,t\u1eadp 2, trg 247-248;249.D\u1eabn l\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n ,t\u1eadp 2, trg 234)<\/p>\n
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C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb 1862-1884<\/b><\/p>\n
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Th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang n\u0103m T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c 18 (1865) vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c ban \u00e2n d\u1ee5 15 \u0111i\u1ec1u, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u (\u0111i\u1ec1u 14) li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o: \u201cD\u00e2n theo gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 con \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n, tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 v\u1eadt l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p thu\u1ebf kh\u00f3a, t\u1ea1p d\u1ecbch, th\u00ec c\u1ee9 theo l\u1ec7 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3; c\u00f2n ai b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng, do quan \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e9t th\u1ef1c, t\u01b0 v\u00e0o b\u1ed9, chu\u1ea9n cho ho\u00e3n vi\u1ec7c binh dao m\u1ed9t n\u0103m; ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia nh\u00e2n quan l\u1ea1i x\u1eed vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 thi h\u00e0i n\u00e0o c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng chu\u1ea9n cho nh\u01b0 kho\u1ea3n b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft, do s\u1edf t\u1ea1i chi c\u1ee7a kho ra ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t cho h\u1ecd\u201d (\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 7, trg 000)<\/p>\n
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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1875 , tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 \u0111i thi. Khoa thi H\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m T\u00fd, T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 5 (1852) t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eadu 20 c\u1eed nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ebfp v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 th\u1ee9 2 l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Tr\u1ea1ch Thi\u1ec7n, qu\u00ea x\u00e3 C\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh, huy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i An. Can \u00e1n theo \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4, b\u1ecb c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc v\u1ecb c\u1eed nh\u00e2n (Cao Xu\u00e2n D\u1ee5c, Qu\u1ed1c tri\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u01a1ng khoa l\u1ee5c<\/i>, Nxb TPHCM-1993,trg 318-319). Th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c 28 (1875): \u201c \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u1ec7 cho gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i thi v\u00e0 ra l\u00e0m quan: \u0110\u00ecnh th\u1ea7n \u0111em kho\u1ea3n trong H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2u xin cho t\u1eeb nay n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n \u0111i thi, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 v\u0103n hay v\u00f5, xin cho s\u1edf t\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfu l\u1ec7 d\u1ef1 thi, s\u1ee9c cho l\u00ed d\u1ecbch khai nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec n\u00ean cho v\u00e0o thi. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u1ebf v\u00e0o binh \u0111inh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u00e0m th\u01b0 l\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u1edf b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh t\u00ean ghi ch\u00fa hai ch\u1eef \u201cgi\u00e1o nh\u00e2n\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o thi \u0111\u1ed7 m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ra l\u00e0m quan th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c quan \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, nh\u01b0 tri\u1ec1u b\u00e1i,t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi ph\u1ea1m; n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn quan ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee9 chi\u1ebfu l\u1ec7nh x\u1eed t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7n c\u1edb ch\u00fang l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n m\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n b\u00e1c c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c\u201d (\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 7, trg 000). Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec1u b\u00e1i, t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 Kh\u1ed5ng t\u1eed, th\u1ea7n Th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng, anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\u2026 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh R\u00f4 ma c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham d\u1ef1 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1745-1939, v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a th\u00e1nh R\u00f4 ma, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5m m\u00ecn \u0111i thi v\u00e0 ra l\u00e0m quan<\/p>\n
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T\u1eeb sau H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Gi\u00e1p Tu\u1ea5t (1874) \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u00a0 gi\u00e1o\u201d hay l\u00e0 \u201c \u0110\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\u201d v\u00e0 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd. Hai c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c d\u1eedu d\u00e2n\u201d<\/p>\n
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Th\u00e1ng ch\u1ea1p n\u0103m M\u1eadu Th\u00ecn (s\u00e1ch \u0110NTL ghi d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1868 nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y m\u1ed3ng 01 th\u00e1ng ch\u1ea1p n\u0103m M\u1eadu Th\u00ecn l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 13\/01\/1869): \u2018 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0110\u00f4ng (nguy\u00ean \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o), Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c H\u1eadu, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed5i 4 ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ea3 \u0111ao\u201d, \u201cd\u1eedu d\u00e2n\u201d. B\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 cho l\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, ph\u00e0m k\u00ednh l\u00e0m s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch, ho\u1eb7c khi c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, cho \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o , d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1edb m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Vua y cho\u201d (\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 7, trg 1149). B\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi trang s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 2 ch\u00fa th\u00edch: (1) T\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o: \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh, t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh; (2) D\u1eedu d\u00e2n: ch\u1eef \u201cd\u1eedu\u201d ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ecf l\u1ed3ng v\u1ef1c, gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y m\u1ecdc xen trong kh\u00f3m l\u00faa l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i l\u00faa. Ngh\u0129a b\u00f3ng l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u; t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec5m th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u, th\u00f3i \u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cd\u1eedu\u201d; d\u00e2n t\u1ee5c thi\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cl\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d, \u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cd\u1eedu\u201d. Th\u1eddi T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u201cd\u1eedu\u201d n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 b\u00ean gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
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Th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m Gi\u00e1p Tu\u1ea5t (1874) \u201c Chu\u1ea9n cho d\u00e2n \u0111i \u0111\u1ea1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u00e1o d\u00e2n\u201d, d\u00e2n \u0111i l\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00ecnh d\u00e2n\u201d.(T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay d\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ea1o, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cd\u1eedu d\u00e2n\u201d, ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d, t\u1eeb khi b\u1ecf c\u1ea5m, b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1eef \u201cd\u1eedu\u201d ch\u1eef \u201ct\u1ea3\u201d ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef\u00a0 \u0111\u1ea1o. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee9 l\u1eddi Kh\u00e2m s\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf Kinh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: L\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi, ch\u01b0a kh\u1ecfi s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n cho quan \u1edf Nha Th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea1c \u0111em ngh\u0129a hai ch\u1eef \u1ea5y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, n\u00f3i: L\u01af\u01a0NG l\u00e0 an th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7 ph\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gian \u00e1c; \u0110\u1ea0O l\u00e0 khuy\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh. Hai ch\u1eef \u0111\u00f3i nhau, v\u0103n ngh\u0129a gi\u1ed1ng nhau, l\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u g\u00ec, \u0110\u1ea0O g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea0O, m\u00e0 L\u01af\u01a0NG kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u01af\u01a0NG th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?R\u1ed3i s\u1ee9 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef L\u01af\u01a0NG kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e0m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo gi\u00e1o \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 NGH\u0128A D\u00c2N, \u0110\u1ee8C D\u00c2N, quan \u1edf Nha Th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea1c cho l\u00e0 s\u1ee9 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, xin g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 GI\u00c1O D\u00c2N. Vua y cho, nh\u00e2n chu\u1ea9n cho d\u00e2n L\u01af\u01a0NG c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00ccNH D\u00c2N\u201d(\u0110NTL t\u1eadp 8 ,trg 75).<\/p>\n
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T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 GI\u00c1O D\u00c2N v\u00e0 B\u00ccNH D\u00c2N. Tuy nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201c \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n, gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u201c l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n,b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ngay \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea1o L\u00e3o\u2026Do \u0111\u00f3 khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00e2n, gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o, gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed1t, b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n l\u00e0 d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec b\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc . Theo m\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh v\u0103n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng hai t\u1eeb GI\u00c1O v\u00e0 L\u01af\u01a0NG: b\u00ean GI\u00c1O, b\u00ean L\u01af\u01a0NG, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft L\u01af\u01a0NG GI\u00c1O.<\/p>\n
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Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y (1862-1884) kh\u00f4ng do tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u0129 phu\u00a0 xu\u1ea5t s\u0129 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u1eed s\u0129, v\u1ed1n coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 tai m\u1eaft tay ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i bang. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i khi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ed1ng h\u00e1ch x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 cho t\u1edbi khi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u00f5i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/p>\n
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T\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp nho s\u0129 th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t l\u00e2m nguy tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf. Phong tr\u00e0o V\u0103n th\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u1edf hai t\u1ec9nh Ngh\u1ec7 An v\u00e0 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh, ngay sau khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh k\u00fd H\u00f2a \u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u00e2m Tu\u1ea5t (1862) cho C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng 3 t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng Nam K\u1ef3 cho Ph\u00e1p. Phong tr\u00e0o V\u0103n th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nho s\u0129 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1874, sau khi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Hu\u1ebf \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1eb9p v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng <\/b><\/p>\n
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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Sau khi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3n Mang C\u00e1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 05\/07\/1885 T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Thuy\u1ebft d\u00eam vua H\u00e0m Nghi ch\u1ea1y ra T\u00e2n S\u1edf – Qu\u1ea3ng Tr\u1ecb. \u1edf T\u00e2n S\u1edf kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, T\u00f4n Th\u1ea5t Thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i \u0111em vua h\u00e0m Nghi ra H\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00ea \u2013 H\u00e0 T\u0129nh v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y phong tr\u00e0o V\u0103n th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 gi\u00fap vua \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng trong con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u0129 phu th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng cho qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p: \u201cH\u1ed3 m\u1ea1o, h\u1ed5 oai, d\u1eabn chi\u00ean c\u1eebu vu qu\u1ed1c \u1ea5p\/K\u00ea th\u00ea ph\u1ee5ng t\u1eadp, nh\u1eadp x\u00fa lo\u1ea1i vu m\u00f4n \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d\u2026 \u201c Ph\u1ee5 khuy\u1ec3n, m\u1eabu ph\u1ec7 chi phong, t\u1ef1 khoa binh gi\u00e1o\/ Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, Chi thu, chi thuy\u1ebft, ph\u1ee5c u\u1ebf th\u00ednh v\u0103n\u201d (C\u00e1o m\u01b0\u1ee3n oai h\u00f9m, d\u1eabn th\u00f9 ngh\u1ecbch tanh h\u00f4i gi\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\/G\u00e0 leo nh\u00e1nh ph\u1ee5ng, d\u1eaft man di t\u00e0n \u00e1c h\u1ea1i qu\u00ea nh\u00e0\/ \u2026C\u1eafn c\u00e0n, c\u1eafn b\u1eady khoe khoang binh gi\u00e1o vi\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u01a1ng\/ Tin nh\u1ea3m tin x\u1eb1ng, b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi T\u00e2y v\u1ef1ct – S\u00e1t T\u1ea3 b\u00ecnh T\u00e2y h\u1ecbch<\/i>– Lam Giang d\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n
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N\u01a1i n\u00e0o t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp s\u0129 phu c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng: \u201cC\u00e2u ki\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a b\u1ea5t vi v\u00f4 d\u00f5ng\/ Ch\u1eef t\u1ed9i nh\u01a1n giai \u0111\u1eafc nhi tru\/ Gi\u1eadn T\u00e2y di \u0111em th\u00f3i c\u1eebu Ch\u00e2u\/ Gh\u00e9t T\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00ecm m\u01b0u tr\u1ee3 Ki\u1ec7t\/V\u1ea3 T\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u01b0u nh\u1edd t\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1edbc, \u01a1n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1n, ch\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1ng xe\/M\u00e0 T\u00e2y di c\u00e1o gi\u1ea3 oai h\u00f9m, l\u1edbn chi l\u1eafm, r\u1eafn toan nu\u1ed1t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d (S\u00e1t T\u1ea3 b\u00ecnh T\u00e2y Qu\u1ea3ng Nam t\u1ec9nh v\u0103n th\u00e2n h\u1ecbch)<\/i><\/p>\n
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Chung quy ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0169 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng: \u201cTh\u1ea9n t\u01b0 Gia t\u00f4 du nh\u1eadp ng\u00e3 qu\u1ed1c\/Ng\u1eef k\u1ef3 thu\u1eadt t\u1eafc x\u01b0ng thi\u00ean,x\u01b0ng th\u00e1nh, lung c\u1ed5 ngu manh\/Quan k\u1ef3 h\u00e0nh t\u1eafc v\u00f4 ph\u1ee5, v\u00f4 qu\u00e2n, khuy\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i\/ X\u1ea3 kh\u00fac tr\u1ef1c nhi ng\u00f4n c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ea1n khoa ph\u00e1o kh\u1ea3 oanh s\u01a1n\/Ph\u1ebf trung ngh\u0129a nhi thi\u1ec7p ba \u0111\u00e0o, l\u00e3ng thuy\u1ebft thuy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng nh\u1eadp th\u1ee7y\u201d (K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1o Gia t\u00f4 l\u1ebbn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t\/X\u00e9t tr\u00ed thu\u1eadt x\u01b0ng tr\u1eddi, x\u01b0ng th\u00e1nh, l\u1eeba b\u1ecdn \u0111ui ngu\/Xem h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ecf cha, c\u00f9ng lo\u00e0i d\u00ea ch\u00f3\/V\u1ee9t ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a lu\u1eadn qu\u00e2n binh m\u1ea1nh y\u1ebfu, khoe r\u00f9m s\u00fang n\u1ed5 tan non\/X\u00f3a c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1edbt s\u00f3ng xa kh\u01a1i, l\u00e1o tu\u1ed1t thuy\u1ec1n chui gi\u1eefa n\u01b0\u1edbc- S\u00e1t T\u1ea3 b\u00ecnh T\u00e2y h\u1ecbch<\/i>. Lam Giang d\u1ecbch) .<\/p>\n
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Phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb sai l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m cho \u0111\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c: coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng cho qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec khi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2m nguy, ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t th\u00f9 trong, di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft v\u00e2y c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111i x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u \u201c Ti\u00ean s\u00e1t T\u1ea3, h\u1eadu b\u00ecnh T\u00e2y\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i lo\u1ea1n, l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f2a kh\u00ed qu\u1ed1c gia, l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, xua \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1edbi mong b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n
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Nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u anh d\u0169ng, khi th\u1ebf c\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c ki\u1ec7t h\u1ecd b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft khi\u1ebfn cho k\u1ebb th\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c. Ch\u1ebft trung li\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1 k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e1ng \u00e2n h\u1eadn. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft, nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu\u00a0 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thua tr\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh thua k\u1ebb th\u00f9 l\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu qu\u00e2n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi\u00a0 m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng tin r\u1eb1ng minh thua l\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m n\u1ed9i \u1ee9ng cho qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e2u 3 v\u00e0 4 trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Nam l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n suy ngh\u0129 n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n \u1ea5y: \u201c Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed gian ph\u00f2ng v\u00f4 \u00e1o vi\u1ec7n\/H\u00e0 nan trung \u0111\u00ednh th\u00e1t c\u01b0\u1eddng di!\u201d. ( Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf,tay gi\u00e0n k\u00edn\/Gi\u1eb7c kh\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u01a1n, g\u1eady \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eeba – Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u00fac Kh\u00e1ng d\u1ecbch. V\u1edbi Lam Giang th\u00ec d\u1ecbch hai c\u00e2u \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t: N\u1ebfu trong kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1eddng gian\/G\u1eady tre, ta \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e1nh tan qu\u00e2n th\u00f9).<\/p>\n
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Ri\u00eang \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0ng Trong (t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng Nam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn). C\u00e1c ho \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng . Gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u00e3 man: \u201c M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1o V\u0103n B\u00e2n\/ Tr\u1ebb gi\u00e0 trai g\u00e1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n s\u00e1t thi\u00eau\/\u0110\u00e0o h\u00e0o ch\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u\/Tr\u00f3i v\u00f2 tr\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eadp d\u00ecu th\u00e2y tr\u00f4i\/ \u0110\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e2m s\u00e1t m\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 h\u1ed3i\/ Qu\u00e1 tay \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c ngh\u0129 th\u00f4i l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng\u201d, \u201cTh\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf con con\/ \u0110\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecf l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y m\u00f2n ti\u00eau tan\/Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1 c\u00f3 c\u01b0u mang\/C\u0169ng \u0111\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed5 ru\u1ed9t h\u00e0m oan mu\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n\u201d, \u201cK\u1ebb ch\u00f4n , ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft ngang\/K\u1ebb \u0111\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed5 ru\u1ed9t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1t thi\u00eau\/Th\u1ea3 s\u00f4ng , th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u\u201d, \u201cPh\u1eebng ph\u1eebng l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2y\/ D\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ee3 khi\u1ebfp ch\u1ea1y ngay, b\u1ecf nh\u00e0\/ Bao nhi\u00eau k\u1ebb ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n ra\/ \u0110\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadp ch\u1ebft ch\u1eb3ng tha m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o\/ K\u1ebb th\u00ec ch\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00e0o\/Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00f4 nh\u00e0o xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng\/ C\u00f2n ai ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u1ed3ng\/ Tu\u00f4ng b\u1edd l\u01b0\u1edbt b\u1ee5i m\u00e0 x\u00f4ng v\u00e0o r\u1eebng\/ N\u00f3 c\u00f2n s\u0103n ki\u1ebfm l\u1eaby l\u1eebng\/G\u1eb7p ai \u0111\u00e2m n\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 ch\u1eebng b\u1ea5t nh\u01a1n\u201d.<\/p>\n
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H\u00f4 h\u00e0o \u201c S\u00e1t T\u1ea3\u201d th\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng chi\u00eau b\u00e0i b\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5t nh\u01a1n \u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c: \u201cL\u1ea7n n\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ee9a gian t\u00e0\/ H\u00f9n theo tr\u1eadn gi\u00f3, d\u1eady h\u00f9a b\u1ebb m\u0103ng\u201d.Trong l\u00fac t\u00e0n s\u00e1t gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n th\u00ec: \u201c \u0110\u1ee9a gian, \u0111\u1ee9a d\u1eef v\u00f4 h\u1ed3i\/\u0110\u1ee9a khu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ee9a l\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1edd\u201d, \u201c \u0110\u1ea1o d\u00e2n l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf gi\u1ebft \u00e0o\/ H\u1ec5 l\u00e0 x\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e0 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng thi\u00eau\/ L\u1eeda ch\u00e1y t\u1eeb mai \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ec1u\/Khu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3, l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a d\u1eadp d\u00ecu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta\/ Kh\u00e1c chi \u0111o\u00e0n l\u0169 y\u00eau ma\/ G\u1eb7p ai gi\u1ebft n\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t b\u00e0, b\u1ea5t con\u201d, \u201c Qu\u00e2n b\u00e1 x\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169 mang r\u00e2u\/ D\u00e2n l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m th\u1ea3y t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, xu\u1ea5t v\u0129\/ Khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2 nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee7 \u1ee7y\/\u0110\u1ebfn nayy \u0111\u00e0 b\u00e0y m\u1eb7t hung hoang\/L\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn b\u1ea1c v\u00e0ng\/L\u00faa g\u1ea1o n\u1ed3i m\u00e2m chi c\u0169ng t\u00f3m\/Tr\u1edf m\u1eb7t l\u1ea1 c\u0169ng trong l\u00e0ng x\u00f3m\/Tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 h\u00f2m tr\u1eafp th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e2u!\/Ngo\u00e0i mi\u1ec7ng r\u1eb1ng x\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u\/Ch\u00e1nh \u00fd thi\u1ec7t gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a\u201d.<\/p>\n
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C\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a V\u0103n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u1edf Tr\u00e0 Ki\u1ec7u, Ph\u00fa Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Qu\u1ea3ng Nam), C\u00e2y Da (Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean)\u2026v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng.<\/p>\n
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Ri\u00eang : \u201c B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a hai t\u1ec9nh\/\u0110\u0103ng m\u1eadt t\u1edd nh\u1ef1t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1t thi\u00eau\/ \u0110\u1ea1o d\u00e2n b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u\/ C\u00f2n ai tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec1u t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n\/ \u0110\u1ee9c Cha lo l\u1eafng \u00e2n c\u1ea7n\/M\u01b0\u1edbn t\u00e0u v\u00e0o r\u01b0\u1edbc hai l\u1ea7n \u0111em ra\/ M\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n h\u1ebft b\u1ea3y c\u00f2n ba\/ \u0110em v\u00e0o Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 ch\u00edn tr\u0103m\u201d. Kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1885 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Van Camelbeke (H\u00e2n) m\u1edbi c\u1eed Th\u1eeba sai Geoffroy, \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng 8 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng, theo t\u00e0u Gerda c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111ang \u0111\u1eadu \u1edf Qui Nh\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm tin t\u1ee9c hai th\u1eeba sai Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t. Th\u1eeba sai Geoffroy k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Qui Nh\u01a1n s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa nh\u1eadt 23\/06\/1885 v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e0u Gerda th\u1ea3 neo tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3n Nha Trang. \u0110\u1ee9c Cha cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i b\u00e1c, v\u00ec tr\u00ean t\u00e0u Gerda kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i s\u00fang \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eafn s\u00e1u ph\u00e1t s\u00fang, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu th\u00ec sao? T\u1ed1i h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ebft h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai. T\u00f4i cho h\u1ea1 chi\u1ebfc s\u00e0 l\u00fap xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean b\u1edd.<\/p>\n
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\u201c Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 g\u1eb7p to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i: ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi qua loa. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u00e0n s\u00e1t C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y mai ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e0y m\u1ed1t; c\u00f2n c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai th\u00ec \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u\u2026T\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua hai \u0111\u1ed3n canh. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0169 trang c\u00f9ng m\u00ecnh: hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y khi th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n g\u00ec. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i tr\u1ed1n, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean r\u1eebng n\u00fai. T\u00f4i li\u1ec1n b\u00e1o tin cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf Nha Trang t\u1eadp trung tr\u00ean b\u00e3i c\u00e1t \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ebf\u2026Sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u00e0 l\u00fap, cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra trong ba ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n
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\u201c Chi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o l\u00fac 2 gi\u1edd, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n r\u1eddi m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb nghi ng\u1edd. Thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edbi l\u00e0m g\u00ec. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea7y ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4i ng\u1ea3 m\u0169 ch\u00e0o. V\u00e0 trong chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n, hai chi\u1ebfc n\u00f3n Vi\u1ec7t nam \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean. T\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra hai \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1, Linh m\u1ee5c Auger v\u00e0 Guitton.<\/p>\n
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\u201cChi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn , v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng d\u00f2m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu, tr\u00ean b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n, n\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1eb9n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9. Trong su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam s\u00e1u chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0u v\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 cho t\u1edbi s\u00e1ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ai\u2026Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 700 gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu\u2026\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em v\u1ec1 s\u00e0i G\u00f2n\u201d ( Archives de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9 Missions \u00c9trang\u00e8res de Paris (AMEP) vol.751,trg 165-167. D\u1eabn l\u1ea1 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n, t\u1eadp 2 , trg 374)<\/p>\n
Th\u1eeba sai Guitton c\u00f2n \u0111i theo t\u00e0u Gerda \u0111\u1ec3 ra Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu n\u00e0o n\u1eefa. Theo b\u1ea3n t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 07\/11\/1885 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Van Camelbeke, Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a c\u00f3 2848 gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 800 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t( AMEP, Vol. 751 N0.80 .D\u1eabn l\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n, t\u1eadp 2, trg 374). Nh\u01b0ng theo b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea n\u0103m 1888, th\u00ec c\u00f3 1318 gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n (Compte Rendu des Travaux du S\u00e9minaire des Missions \u00c9trang\u00e8res de Paris (CRTSMEP) 1888, trg 127. D\u1eabn l\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n, t\u1eadp 2, trg 374).<\/p>\n
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Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1885 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00e2y V\u00f4ng t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i khu v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb Ch\u00fac hi\u1ec7n nay( k\u1ebf b\u00ean v\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u00e0 anh Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Ph\u1ea7n, Sao Bi\u1ec3n 72). Phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 thi\u00eau r\u1ee5i ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd. Cha L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c n\u00fai H\u00f2n Ngang tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh. Theo l\u1eddi k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc c\u1ed1 l\u00e3o : c\u00f3 v\u00e0i n\u1eef tu bi x\u00f4 xu\u1ed3ng gi\u1ebfng r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5p l\u1ea1i. Sau \u0111\u1ee3t \u201c S\u00e1t T\u1ea3\u201d cha L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea v\u00e0 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u0169 m\u00e0 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u1ed7 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd C\u00e2y V\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n nay. Cha L\u00e3o ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an t\u00e1ng trong th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u0103m 1912 tr\u1eadn b\u00e3o Nh\u00e2m T\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ng\u00f4i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1913 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i thi\u1ebft tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n
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\u1ede Ninh Thu\u1eadn, Th\u1eeba sai Villaume ( c\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ec1) tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh V\u0103n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb L\u00e1ng Mun (T\u00e2n H\u1ed9i) l\u00ean v\u00f9ng n\u00fai L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng r\u1ed3i theo s\u00f4ng La Ng\u00e0 v\u1ec1 Bi\u00ean H\u00f2a. \u0110\u1ebfn S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong l\u00fac ch\u1ea1y t\u1ef5 n\u1ea1n Th\u1eeba sai Villaume \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu ru.<\/p>\n
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N\u0103m 1886 qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed1c Tr\u1ea7n B\u00e1 L\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn ra Thu\u1eadn \u2013 Kh\u00e1nh \u2013 Ph\u00fa – B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb9p Phong tr\u00e0o c\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u2018 Ng\u00e0y qua th\u00e1ng l\u1ee5n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m\/Ph\u1ee5ng sai \u0110\u1ed1c L\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 l\u0103m ti\u1ec5u b\u00ecnh\/D\u01b0\u01a1ng quan ph\u1ee7 d\u1ee5ng Nam binh\/ Th\u1eeba c\u01a1 t\u1ea5n ph\u00e1t th\u1ee7y tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng\/D\u1eb9p tr\u1eeb ph\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3ng hoang hung\/V\u1eeba \u0111\u1eb7ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng t\u1ecbnh trung an b\u00e0i\/ Bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng Nai\/ R\u00e0y \u0111\u00e0 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c tr\u00f9ng lai qu\u00ea m\u00ecnh\u201d<\/p>\n
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Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau th\u1eddi \u2018s\u00e1t T\u1ea3\u201d: \u201cGi\u1ecfi b\u00e0y s\u00e1t T\u1ea3 b\u00ecnh T\u00e2y\/ T\u00e2y sao ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ebft, gi\u1ebft b\u1ea7y d\u00e2n ta\/C\u0169ng l\u00e0 g\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0\/ B\u1ea5y l\u00e2u b\u00f4i m\u1eb7t, r\u00e0y ra th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o?\/L\u00e0m cho thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 h\u01b0 hao\/Kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng t\u1ea1i th\u00e2n h\u00e0o b\u00e0y ra\/ \u0110\u1ea1o d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft c\u1eeda nh\u00e0\/ B\u00ecnh d\u00e2n nay c\u0169ng ch\u00e1y ra tro t\u00e0n\/Ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e0ng, ch\u1ebft s\u00e1 mu\u00f4n ng\u00e0n\/ H\u1ec5 l\u00e0 sanh s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n s\u1ef1 sanh\/Hay chi c\u00e1i chuy\u1ec7n ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh\/ \u0110\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecda ph\u00fac r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e0nh tan hoang\/ \u1ea4y c\u00e2u thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea3o ho\u00e0n\/ H\u1ec5 ai t\u00e1c \u00e1c kh\u00f4n toan thi\u1ec7n ph\u00f9ng\/ B\u00e2y gi\u1edd theo l\u0169 gian hung\/M\u1ed9t mai \u0111\u00e2u kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed1n c\u00f9ng tan th\u00e2y\u201d.<\/p>\n
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N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 phong tr\u00e0o C\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 cho qu\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 tay sai c\u00e0n qu\u00e9t gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c d\u00e2n ta: \u201c Ph\u1ea3i chi c\u1ee9 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi\/N\u1ed9i trong b\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em\/ D\u1eebng h\u1ec1 ghen gh\u00e9t ch\u00ea gi\u00e8m\/\u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0ng ch\u00e1nh ,\u0111\u1eebng th\u00e8m nghe ai\/Ch\u1ec9 lo ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i\/ Tu th\u00e2n vi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eebng hai t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng\/\u0110\u1eebng th\u00e8m nh\u00f3m ki\u1ebfn ch\u00f2m ong\/H\u00e1 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 l\u00f2ng ng\u00e0y nay\/ \u0110\u00e1nh T\u00e2y c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e1nh cho hay\/ \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00e0o ng\u0103n tr\u1edf m\u00e0 b\u00e0y gi\u1ebft oan?\/ H\u1ecdc chi s\u1eed s\u00e1ch nghinh ngang\/L\u00e0m chi ngu mu\u1ed9i m\u00ea man th\u1ebf n\u00e0y?\/R\u00e0y coi th\u1eed ai theo T\u00e2y\/ Th\u1eb1ng b\u1ed3i con \u0111\u0129 c\u1ea3 b\u1ea7y tranh \u0103n\/ Cu li b\u1eaft c\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e2n\/\u0110\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00edt b\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n th\u1eb1ng n\u00e0o\/ Ai l\u00e0m cho n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0 hao?\/Vua quan c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i khu\u1ea5t giao t\u00f9y th\u00ec? Ai l\u00e0m cho t\u1ec9nh h\u01b0 \u0111i?Ph\u00e1p quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfm \u1edf l\u00ec h\u00e0nh cung\/ Ai l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 n\u1ed5i kh\u00f9ng?\/\u0110\u1ed1t l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3t x\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i\/ Ai l\u00e0m r\u00f3i lo\u1ea1n trong \u0111\u1eddi?\/Ph\u00e1 tan ph\u1ee7 huy\u1ec7n, t\u1ea3 t\u01a1i kho t\u00e0ng\/ Ai \u0111\u00e0 b\u1eaft gi\u1ebft kinh quan\/ \u0110\u00f3n ng\u0103n d\u1ecbch tr\u1ea1m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u00e0ng ra v\u00f4\/K\u1ec3 ra \u00edt chuy\u1ec7n th\u00f4 th\u00f4\/ C\u00f2n tr\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1eef n\u00f3i m\u00f4 cho c\u00f9ng\u201d.<\/p>\n
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Sau khi phong tr\u00e0o \u201cs\u00e1t T\u1ea3\u201d ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n th\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0ng Trong: \u201c \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng khi \u1ea5y gi\u00e1o nh\u01a1n\/Cam li\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa\/ T\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng v\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1\/T\u00e2n, Ch\u00e2u, Ho\u00e0ng,\u00a0 Minh, S\u0129, Chung, Th\u00e0nh\/ Quy\u1ebft x\u00e1 sanh cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1edbi Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00ecnh\/Th\u00f4ng, M\u00e3o, H\u1eadu, B\u1ea3o, Trang, Nh\u1ee9t, L\u00ed\/ C\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129\/ C\u0169ng cam l\u00f2ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o li\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh\/ M\u1ecdi n\u01a1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc vi\u1ec7n ch\u1ed1n tu trinh\/\u0110\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb quy\u00ean sanh tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ng\/B\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00f3c t\u01a1 qu\u00e1 ng\u00e1n\/ H\u00e3y n\u00f3i qua s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt t\u1edd\/ hai tr\u0103m m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n s\u1edf Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd\/T\u00ednh l\u1ea1i m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 r\u00e1o\/ B\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ea1o\/S\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n mu\u00f4n r\u01b0\u1ee1i l\u00e0 may\u201d.<\/p>\n
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Theo b\u1ea3n k\u00ea khai c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Van Camelbeke \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y 07\/11\/1885 th\u00ec thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ecba ph\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0ng trong do cu\u1ed9c t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c V\u0103n th\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 7 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 9 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n
V\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng: 9 linh m\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p; 7 linh m\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t; 60 th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng; 270 n\u1eef tu D\u00f2ng M\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1; t\u1eeb 21 \u0111\u1ebfn 24 ng\u00e0n t\u00edn h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n
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V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t: 200 x\u1ee9 h\u1ecd b\u1ecb thi\u00eau; 228 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd hay nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n b\u1ecb thi\u00eau h\u1ee7y trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ki\u00ean c\u1ed1; 17 nh\u00e0 m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i; 10 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n n\u1eef tu; 4 trang tr\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; 2 ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n; 2 ph\u00f2ng thu\u1ed1c; 1 nh\u00e0 in H\u00e1n N\u00f4m; 1 t\u00f2a gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi x\u00e2y.( AMEP vol. 751 No. 69. D\u1eabn l\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00e1 C\u1ea7n t\u1eadp 2, trg 375-376).<\/p>\n
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Ch\u00edn linh m\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 C\u1ed1 T\u00e2n ( t\u00ean Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Poirier – B\u00e0u G\u1ed1c, Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i);C\u1ed1 Ch\u00e2u (Garin – Ph\u01b0\u1eddng Chu\u1ed1i, Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i);C\u1ed1 Ho\u00e0ng ( Gu\u00e9gan- Ph\u00fa H\u00f2a, Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i); C\u1ed1 Minh( Dupont, H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ee9c, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh);C\u1ed1 S\u0129 (Mac\u00e9 – N\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u0129, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh); C\u1ed1 Chung (Barrat- Th\u00e1c \u0110\u00e1, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh); C\u1ed1 Th\u00e0nh (Iribourne \u2013 Qu\u00e1n Cau, Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean); C\u1ed1 Chatelet (Thu\u00f4ng – C\u00e2y Da\u00a0 Ph\u00fa Y\u00ean).\u00a0 B\u1ea3y linh m\u1ee5c Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng, M\u00e3o , H\u1eadu, B\u1ea3o, Trang, Nh\u1ee9t, L\u00fd.<\/p>\n
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Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cs\u00e1t T\u1ea3\u201d th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kinh kh\u1ee7ng: \u201c B\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00f3c t\u01a1 qu\u00e1 ng\u00e1n\/H\u00e3y n\u00f3i qua s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt t\u1edd\u201d. Gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n v\u1eabn tin v\u00e0o th\u00e1nh \u00fd Ch\u00faa nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u: \u201c V\u1eady tuy gi\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i V\u0103n th\u00e2n\/Ch\u1eb3ng qua \u00fd Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y\/Th\u00f4i th\u00f4i ch\u1edb kh\u00e1 chau m\u00e0y\/B\u1ec1n l\u00f2ng c\u1eady Ch\u00faa c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y th\u1edbi lai\/Th\u00f4i th\u00f4i ch\u1edb kh\u00e1 tr\u00f4ng ai\/ C\u1eady tr\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 m\u1ed9t mai ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1eddn\/Th\u00f4i \u0111\u1eebng tr\u00e1ch gi\u1eadn ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n\/ L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u00f3, kh\u00f3 c\u00e0ng th\u00eam c\u00f4ng\u201d<\/p>\n
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L\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eed t\u00e1i di\u1ec5n. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o phi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, theo ngo\u1ea1i bang v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 80 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 cho xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n \u201c T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng Gia t\u00f4 b\u00ed l\u1ee5c\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb v\u0103n b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n N\u00f4m. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f9 gh\u00e9t C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 cho thu h\u1ed3i s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n
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Xin m\u01b0\u1ee3n b\u00e0i \u201c Da t\u00f4 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y; \u201c Ly ng\u00e3 gia nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp l\u00fd, h\u1eefu Da t\u00f4 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t t\u00f2a. Vi\u1ec5n quan chi, ng\u1eadt nhi\u00ean h\u1eefu cao tu\u1ea5n chi m\u1ea1o. Ng\u00f4 h\u1eefu Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng sanh vi Da t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3. M\u1ed7i ch\u00ed tinh k\u1ef3 nh\u1eadt, b\u0129 t\u1ea5t v\u00e3ng th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i. M\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean b\u1ea5t tri Da t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o chi \u01b0 nh\u00e2n h\u1eefu h\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch, n\u00e3i d\u0129 v\u1ea5n chi. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng sanh vi\u1ebft: Da t\u00f4 gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 gi\u00e1o nh\u00e2n d\u0129 b\u00e1c \u00e1i chi \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u1ea5t d\u0129 th\u00e2n c\u1eebu nhi h\u1eefu \u00e1i t\u0103ng chi d\u1ecb\u201d (C\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 t\u00f4i 20 d\u1eb7m, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Da t\u00f4. \u1ede xa tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00f2i v\u1ecdi c\u00f3 v\u1ebb cao ng\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i, ch\u00e0ng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa nh\u1eadt anh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cung k\u00ednh d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5. m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean n\u1ecd, ch\u1eb3ng r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ea1o Da t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i g\u00ec, b\u00e8n \u0111em h\u1ecfi anh. Anh Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 Da t\u00f4 ( J\u00e9sus) d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00e1c \u00e1i, ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ea5y (v\u00ec) ch\u1ed7 th\u00e2n, ch\u1ed7 th\u00f9 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng gh\u00e9t kh\u00e1c nhau –\u00a0 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ba, H\u00e1n v\u0103n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, Nxb \u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p, 1993, trg 102).<\/p>\n
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Ph\u00ea r\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ngh\u1ec7 (SB 74)<\/i><\/p>\n
\u00a0(T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u01a1 trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00edch t\u1eeb t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201c\u0110\u1eb7ng \u0110\u1ee9c Tu\u1ea5n tinh hoa \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d)<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n \u00a0V\u1ec0 \u0110\u1ea0O DA T\u00d4 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft hai ch\u1eef \u201c DA T\u00d4\u201d l\u00e0 sai ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3, ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft \u201cGIA T\u00d4\u201d m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang. V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng xem l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang nh\u1ea5t. Hai ch\u1eef \u201cDa t\u00f4\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean \u00e2m t\u1eeb … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[71],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3365"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3365"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3365\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3366,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3365\/revisions\/3366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3365"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3365"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3365"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}