{"id":3491,"date":"2014-09-15T07:42:40","date_gmt":"2014-09-15T14:42:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/?p=3491"},"modified":"2014-09-15T07:42:40","modified_gmt":"2014-09-15T14:42:40","slug":"duc-me-ba-lan-tran-the-mien-sb63","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/?p=3491","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Ba Lan (Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ebf Mi\u00ean sb63)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>\u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Ba Lan<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia Ba Lan. \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng bao th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Ba Lan c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi ri\u00eang l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 Czestochova v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cTr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia Ba Lan\u201d. \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Ba Lan th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ngu\u1ed3n vui v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i u s\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n v\u00ec t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Ba Lan v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ba Lan. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng minh h\u1ecda \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 \u0110en th\u00e0nh Czestochova. B\u1ee9c minh h\u1ecda n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i tu vi\u1ec7n Jasna-Gora d\u00f2ng Pauline t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>B\u1ee9c minh h\u1ecda di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 dung nhan s\u1ea1m \u0111en v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t u s\u1ea7u, phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Maria v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu H\u00e0i \u0110\u1ed3ng trong v\u00f2ng tay Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang nh\u00ecn \u0111\u0103m chi\u00eau xu\u1ed1ng qu\u1ed1c gia Ba Lan v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Theo Th\u00e1nh Truy\u1ec1n, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng minh h\u1ecda n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh Luca, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p Ph\u00fac \u00c2m Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Th\u00e1nh Truy\u1ec1n k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Maria d\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 \u1edf v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh Gioan t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa Gi\u00easu tr\u0103n tr\u1ed1i, c\u0103n d\u1eb7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3i Golgotha. \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 mang theo b\u00ean m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n do th\u00e1nh Giuse v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa Gi\u00ea-su \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i. Th\u00e1nh Luca \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ebd t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u00e0n \u1ea5y v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng M\u1eb9 Maria l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng cho ng\u00e0i minh h\u1ecda. T\u1ea5m h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 \u0110en n\u00e0y trong tu vi\u00ean Jassna Gora b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u00e9p l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i d\u00e0y. B\u1ec1 cao c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m ph\u00e2n t\u00e2y. C\u00e1c n\u00e9t s\u1ea1m \u0111en c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111en \u0111\u1eadm h\u01a1n b\u1edfi kh\u00f3i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfn s\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c chung quanh n\u00f3 trong h\u1eb1ng bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e1nh truy\u1ec1n thu\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng th\u00e1nh n\u1eef Helen, th\u00e2n m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Constantino \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9c minh h\u1ecda n\u00e0y trong th\u00e0nh Gi\u00ea-rusalem v\u00e0 \u0111em n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Constantinople n\u0103m 325 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Byzantine trong n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em sang Ba Lan m\u00e0 x\u01b0a kia \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Constantino. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00e0i nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hy L\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c Hy L\u1ea1p thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Ba Lan.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed g\u1ea1o c\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Ba Lan th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 h\u1eadu b\u00e1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 X, khi nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 s\u1edf \u1ea5y c\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tin nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9c tin C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o cho ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng v\u00e0 cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 \u0110en \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em sang Ba Lan do gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa \u1ea5y sau khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u tr\u00fa \u1edf th\u00e0nh Constantinople sau h\u01a1n n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m. D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n.. Trong su\u1ed1t qu\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec v\u00f9ng Ukraine \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ba Lan h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh. Sau khi ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Casimir b\u0103ng h\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1370 th\u00ec vua Louis x\u01b0 Hungari \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf v\u1ecb ng\u00e0i. Theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3, th\u00ec vua Louis \u0111\u00e3 phong cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1u trai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m quan To\u00e0n Quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb Ukraine. Th\u1eadt t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u1ebb vang v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Belsk v\u00e0 s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda ph\u1ea9m nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 \u0110en. Khi qu\u00e2n Tartar t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00f9ng Belsk th\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 bay v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u00fang v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o d\u00e0i n\u01a1i c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i sinh qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Opala. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u00eam \u1edf th\u00e0nh Czestochova. B\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau c\u00e1c con ng\u1ef1a k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu nh\u00fac nh\u00edch di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 ch\u00fang ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi. V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng x\u00ea d\u1ecbch, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u0103n b\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00f3 t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc. R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u00eam bao th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n \u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Czestocova. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con ng\u1ef1a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfc xe \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecda \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u0103n b\u00e1nh di h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf cho th\u1ea5y gi\u1ea5c chi\u00eam bao c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafn nh\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 \u0110en \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd n\u0103m 1383 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i tu vi\u1ec7n Jasna Gora. Qu\u1ed1c gia Ba Lan m\u1eebng k\u00ednh ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng t\u00e1m n\u0103m 1382, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecda \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o trong ng\u00f4i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 \u0110en nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhanh ch\u00f3ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u00e0 tu vi\u1ec7n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh vi\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 \u0110\u1ed3ng Trinh. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho tu vi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1edbn \u1edf c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 mi\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. N\u0103m 1430, b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a tu vi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. B\u1ecdn ch\u00fang b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1eedi b\u1edbi th\u00f3a m\u1ea1 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecda m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t th\u1eadm t\u1ec7. Ch\u00fang n\u00e9m t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u1ea3y l\u00ean n\u00f3 v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0y x\u00e9o n\u00f3. V\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb g\u00e3y ra th\u00e0nh m\u1ea5y m\u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n trung t\u00e2m \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 h\u1ea5n g\u00ec. B\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp li\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y g\u01b0\u01a1m x\u1ebbo v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5y v\u1ebft to\u1ea1c s\u00e2u n\u01a1i m\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda. M\u1ea5y v\u1ebft to\u1ea1c n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i..<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, quan To\u00e0n Quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb x\u1ee9 Ba Lan l\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Jadwia, em g\u00e1i \u00fat c\u1ee7a vua Louis. C\u00f4ng Ch\u00faa n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 \u0110en m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Trong l\u1ec5 \u0110\u0103ng quang c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, b\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n xin \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 Ba Lan d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 che ch\u1edf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 sau, c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng Jagiello x\u1ee9 Lithuania. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a c\u1ea3 x\u1ee9 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa. N\u0103m 1386, Jagiello l\u00ean l\u00e0m vua k\u1ebf v\u1ecb vua Louis, \u00f4ng cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00f4i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1i tu vi\u1ec7n Jassna Gora bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd xinh \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng thay th\u1ebf cho ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 ti\u1ebfp theo sau \u0111\u00f3, khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 canh ph\u00f2ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng an to\u00e0n.. N\u0103m 1655, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Czestochova b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eeb Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e2y h\u00e3m nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecdn ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y lui. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c b\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Czestochova \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng l\u00e0m \u201cN\u1eef V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ba Lan\u201d v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3 gian nan cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Czestochova. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t n\u00f3 n\u0103m 1806. N\u0103m 1813, Nga ho\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecda v\u00e0 \u0111em n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 St Petersburg, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Leningrad ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u0103m 1644, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1702, th\u00e1p chu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 cao 344 b\u1ed9 Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00eam, ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb nguy nga tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. N\u0103m 1717, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Clemente XI \u0111\u00e3 cho l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 phong t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n cho b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c long tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u00e0y nay s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00ednh vi\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp ni\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed7i n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn tu vi\u1ec7n Jasna Gora \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ednh vi\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Ba Lan.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 \u0110\u1ec7 Nh\u1ecb l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba Lan \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean ng\u00f4i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1979, sau khi v\u1eeba m\u1edbi nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c thi s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 600 n\u0103m ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 \u0110en \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Czestochova n\u0103m 1982, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn tham d\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o gi\u1edd ph\u00fat ch\u00f3t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba Lan v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5 x\u00f4 v\u1ec1 m\u1eebng k\u00ednh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y, bi\u1ec3u d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u00edt nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed oai h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Czestochova cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1edf c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac b\u1ecb th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, nguy nan kh\u1ed1n kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb b\u00e1ch h\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong gi\u1edd ph\u00fat hoan h\u1ec9 vui m\u1eebng. Tr\u1ea3i qua h\u00e0ng bao th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 noi theo qu\u1ed1c gia Ba Lan \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Maria, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn h\u1eb1ng tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap, n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 ban cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 can \u0111\u1ea3m, d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin, ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eafng m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u01a1n nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Ba Lan.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><i>Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ebf Mi\u00ean 63<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Ba Lan &nbsp; M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia Ba Lan. \u0110\u1ec1n Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng bao th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c &#8230; <a title=\"\u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Ba Lan (Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ebf Mi\u00ean sb63)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/?p=3491\" aria-label=\"More on \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 Ba Lan (Tr\u1ea7n Th\u1ebf Mi\u00ean sb63)\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[71],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3491"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3491"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3492,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3491\/revisions\/3492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}