{"id":4041,"date":"2016-09-19T02:09:36","date_gmt":"2016-09-19T09:09:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/?p=4041"},"modified":"2016-09-19T16:41:50","modified_gmt":"2016-09-19T23:41:50","slug":"viec-hoc-hanh-ngon-ngu-chu-viet-co-dai-petrus-paulus-thong-60","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/?p=4041","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft C\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea1i (Petrus Paulus Th\u1ed1ng 60)"},"content":{"rendered":"

VI\u1ec6C H\u1eccC H\u00c0NH NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0CH\u1eee VI\u1ebeT C\u1ed4 \u0110\u1ea0I <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i \u201cM\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc\u201d in trong cu\u1ed1n CH\u00daA KI-T\u00d4 \u0110\u00c3 S\u1ed0NG L\u1ea0I (s\u00e1ch l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng ghi n\u0103m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n) t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Linh Ti\u1ebfn Kh\u1ea3i (t\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng Ho\u00e0ng Minh Th\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Pontificio Istituto Biblico, Roma) vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u2026Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ed5 ng\u1eef trong c\u00e1c th\u1eadp ni\u00ean v\u1eeba qua \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean Kinh Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft Kinh Th\u00e1nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn hai th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng Ugarit v\u00e0 Ebla l\u00e0 hai th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang gi\u00fap r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ti\u1ebfng Do Th\u00e1i. H\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft theo h\u00ecnh c\u00e1i \u0111inh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t nung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1929 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 h\u1ea3i c\u1ea3ng Ugarit, n\u1eb1m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc Syria, tr\u00ean b\u1edd \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1964 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ebla n\u1eb1m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng Nam th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ugarit, c\u00e1ch Aleppo 70 km, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn xu\u1ed1ng hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Hama v\u00e0 Damascus, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 n\u01b0\u1edbc Syria ng\u00e0y nay, cho th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng Do Th\u00e1i c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi hai th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng tr\u00ean. C\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Ugarit c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1400 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n kh\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i c\u00e1c vua th\u00e0nh Ebla c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2400 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch\u2026.Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Kinh Th\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eef v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Theo nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, g\u1ea7n 30 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo l\u1ed1i th\u01a1 ph\u00fa nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh V\u1ecbnh, s\u00e1ch \u00f4ng Gi\u00f3p, T\u00ecnh Ca, Hu\u1ea5n Ca, s\u00e1ch Kh\u00f4n Ngoan, C\u00e1ch Ng\u00f4n, Gi\u1ea3ng Vi\u00ean, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eef trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch Ti\u00ean Tri, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eef trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch S\u1eed K\u00fd v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 Kinh\u2026.\u201d (sic, trg. 2-3<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Pontificio Istituto Biblico (Pontificial Biblical Institute)<\/em> l\u00e0 H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma. H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n g\u1ed3m hai ph\u00e2n khoa: Ph\u00e2n Khoa Kinh Th\u00e1nh (Facolt\u00e0 Biblica \/ Biblical Faculty) v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n Khoa C\u1ed5 C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng H\u1ecdc (Facolt\u00e0 Orientalistica \/ Faculty of Ancient Near Eastern Studies). S\u1ed1 tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 33 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n, LE PERSONE DEL BIBLICO (1909-2009), xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i R\u00f4ma n\u0103m 2009. Ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n (laico\/laica) ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o h\u1ecdc \u1edf H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y; H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c tu s\u0129. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 (dottorato) \u1edf H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y; \u0111a s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n (licenza). Trong khi s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm. N\u0103m 1999 n\u1eef tu Mary Jerome Obiorah \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Phi ch\u00e2u (Nigeria) \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eadu b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Kinh Th\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2009 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 3822 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n (licenza) v\u00e0 340 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 (dottorato). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e2n Khoa Kinh Th\u00e1nh (Facolt\u00e0 Biblica). To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u1eed nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc \u1edf Ph\u00e2n Khoa Kinh Th\u00e1nh; kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai h\u1ecdc \u1edf Ph\u00e2n Khoa C\u1ed5 C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng H\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng Ho\u00e0ng Minh Th\u1eafng thu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1 \u00edt \u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 (candidato al dottorato \u2013 CD). Hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 4 v\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea1t \u201cc\u1ea5p b\u1eadc\u201d CD n\u00e0y. Nghe n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng Ho\u00e0ng Minh Th\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 v\u00ec b\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Vatican. S\u1edf d\u0129 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i (l\u1edbp terminale) ni\u00ean kh\u00f3a 1968-1969 \u1edf Coll\u00e8ge d\u2019Adran Dalat.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Linh Ti\u1ebfn Kh\u1ea3i. Khi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin \u1edf tr\u00ean t\u00f4i tho\u00e1ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y bu\u1ed3n v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u1edf H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i h\u1ea1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ugarit (Ugaritic) v\u00e0 Ebla (Eblaite) kia. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u00f4 v\u00e0n! V\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ef1 do (independent researcher). V\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 cao t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh<\/em> h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/em>, n\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea1ch k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ch\u00ed ra, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc hai c\u1ed5 ng\u1eef qu\u00e1 \u01b0 c\u1ed5 l\u1ed7 s\u0129 n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 S\u00c1CH. Ri\u00eang tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f2n nh\u1edd c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c. Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 NGO\u1ea0I NG\u1eee. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng La-tinh t\u1ea1i Petit S\u00e9minaire Stella Maris Nha Trang (Ti\u1ec3u Ch\u1ee7ng Vi\u1ec7n Sao Bi\u1ec3n), Institut de la Providence de Hu\u1ebf (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung H\u1ecdc Thi\u00ean H\u1ef1u) v\u00e0 Coll\u00e8ge d\u2019Adran Dalat (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung H\u1ecdc Adran). \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc th\u1eadt ch\u1ec9nh chu \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. \u1ede \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ec7t H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u d\u1ea1y t\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam. C\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a\u201d chuy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u00f2n m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u1eefa l\u00e0 Foyer Alexandre de Rhodes (C\u01b0 X\u00e1 \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9). Tuy \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. C\u01b0 X\u00e1 \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c Trung T\u00e2m \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 S\u00e0i g\u00f2n. Trung T\u00e2m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n s\u00e1ch ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u linh m\u1ee5c D\u00f2ng T\u00ean (J\u00e9suites) thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c t\u1ecbch m\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Ba ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef Ph\u00e1p, Anh, La-tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ba ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n. Th\u1eadt ra mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft th\u00eam ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfng \u00dd, ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha, ti\u1ebfng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng La-tinh. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u00ec ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111ang th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 \u0111ang \u201cth\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p n\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00f4i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n minh v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00f9ng Trung C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba n\u00f3i ri\u00eang l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. Mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u00f3a Champa c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u00f3a Champa c\u1ee9\u00a0 ng\u1ee1 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 l\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng La-tinh th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n c\u1eed m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng La-tinh! \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n: ALPHABETUM TIBETANUM c\u1ee7a FR. AUGUSTINII GEORGII (in n\u0103m 1762, d\u00e0y 910 trang). Thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec l\u00e0 D\u1ecaP MAY. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1eddi cho\u201d; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc ba n\u0103m ti\u1ebfng Do Th\u00e1i c\u1ed5 (Hipri) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hi-l\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng (Koin\u00ea) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc Kinh Th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 nh\u1edd d\u1ecbp may g\u1eb7p M\u1ee5c s\u01b0\u00a0 Orrel Steinkamp. Th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp may v\u00ec t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n th\u1ea7y t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 Tin L\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i \u0111i v\u00e0o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Hipri v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Koin\u00ea b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: A PRACTICAL GRAMMAR FOR CLASSICAL HEBREW c\u1ee7a J. WEINGREEN v\u00e0 THE ELEMENTS OF NEW TESTAMENT GREEK c\u1ee7a J.W. WENHAM. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Ugarit v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ebla l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp may c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 QUAN PH\u00d2NG, l\u00e0 PROVIDENCE. T\u1ee9c THI\u00caN H\u1ef0U! Vi\u1ec7c cha Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Th\u00edch d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb PROVIDENCE th\u00e0nh THI\u00caN H\u1ef0U c\u0169ng l\u00e0 THI\u00caN H\u1ef0U! Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp \u0110\u1ee9c Cha Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n H\u00f2a, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Nha Trang, \u0111i d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb t\u1ea1i Gi\u00earusalem, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ee9c Cha t\u00ecm cho t\u00f4i hai b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Ugarit. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch (g\u1ed3m ba cu\u1ed1n) \u201cUGARITIC TEXTBOOK\u201d c\u1ee7a Cyrus H. Gordon v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n A BASIC GRAMMAR OF THE UGARITIC LANGUAGE c\u1ee7a Stanislav Segert. \u0110\u1ee9c Cha \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c Cha Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n H\u00f2a qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng th\u00e1nh! Theo nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Cha k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, khi ng\u00e0i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cha gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kinh Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00earusalem thu\u1ed9c D\u00f2ng \u0110a Minh t\u00ecm hai b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t th\u1eafc m\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tuy v\u1eady v\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u1eabn t\u00ecm. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n. Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 qu\u00ed nh\u00e2n gi\u00fap k\u1ebb kh\u00f9 kh\u1edd. T\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed7i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00f2 ra m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc\u201d th\u00f4i. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Ugarit coi nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1m \u1ed5n. Ti\u00eau h\u00f3a cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch kia k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u00e0o. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ebla. Khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ebla th\u00ec c\u0169ng may l\u00e0 \u201cinternet\u201d \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng t\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ebla v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ebla. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0o http:\/\/www.jstor.org<\/a> v\u00e0 g\u00f5 t\u1eeb \u201cEbla\u201d th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ebla. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o vi\u1ebft chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Ebla, v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng ti\u1ebfng Ebla ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 Ebla ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ebla m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Ebla d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i. C\u0169ng may l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ebla c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 X\u00eamit (S\u00e9mite\/Semitic) v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Do Th\u00e1i c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Accat (Akkadian). V\u1ec1 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng Ebla \u00a0l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef h\u00ecnh n\u00eam (cuneiform) c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Xume (Sumerian), ti\u1ebfng Accat (Akkadian), ti\u1ebfng Ugarit (Ugaritic)\u2026 May thay t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng g\u1eb7m nh\u1ea5m \u201cSumerian\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cAkkadian\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y n\u0103m nay r\u1ed3i. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Ebla nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

-IL BILINGUISMO A EBLA (edited by Luigi Cagni).<\/p>\n

-LA LINGUA DI EBLA (edited by Luigi Cagni).<\/p>\n

-STUDIES ON THE LANGUAGE OF EBLA (edited by Pelio Fronzaroli)<\/p>\n

-THE ARCHIVES OF EBLA: AN EMPIRE INSCRIBED IN CLAY (by Giovanni Pettinato).<\/p>\n

-EBLA: A NEW LOOK AT HISTORY (by Giovanni Pettinato).<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Ebla nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i v\u1ed1n c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n cu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1: EBLAITICA: ESSAYS ON THE EBLA ARCHIVES AND EBLAITE LANGUAGE (edited by Cyrus H. Gordon, Gary A. Rendsburg). Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u00ed nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ra tay gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

Sau bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 30\/4\/75 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea nh\u00e0 Phan Rang v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129 h\u1ebft hy v\u1ecdng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng c\u1ed5 ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Trung \u0110\u00f4ng-L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba (Moyen Orient-M\u00e9sopotamie) th\u00ec b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ea7m tay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng v\u0103n kh\u1eafc (inscriptions) c\u1ee7a Champa. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n (Sanskrit) v\u00e0 ch\u1eef Ch\u00e0m c\u1ed5. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2011 th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xong. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn du h\u00e0nh sang Campuchia v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tham quan Angkor v\u00e0 th\u0103m m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p (EFEO) t\u1ea1i Campuchia. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Bertrand Porte, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia tu s\u1eeda c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc Khmer hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o T\u00e0ng Qu\u1ed1c Gia Phnom Penh (Mus\u00e9e nationale de Phnom Penh). Ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n r\u1eadp (estampages) nh\u1eefng v\u0103n kh\u1eafc Khmer. V\u00e0 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u1eafc ti\u1ec1n-Angkor (pre-Angkorian) m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u1eafc l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec1n-Angkor l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u1eafc K600. \u00d4ng b\u1ea1n Bertrand Porte c\u0169ng cho t\u00f4i chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1eef Khmer c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Philip N. Jenner g\u1ed3m hai cu\u1ed1n: A DICTIONARY OF PRE-ANGKORIAN KHMER v\u00e0 A DICTIONARY OF ANGKORIAN KHMER. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u00f4ng b\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee5p cho t\u00f4i b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00fang m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau khi v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Nha Trang \u00f4ng b\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a. T\u00f4i c\u00f2n may m\u1eafn t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1eef Khmer c\u1ed5 DICTIONNAIRE DU KHMER ANCIEN (D\u2019apr\u00e8s les inscriptions du Cambodge du VIe \u2013 VIIe si\u00e8cles.) c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 bia k\u00fd h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khmer r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Long Seam. Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bia k\u00fd Khmer thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n-Angkor; tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 theo t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f9 Nam (Funan). T\u00f4i ngh\u0129, \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Khmer c\u1ed5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n DICTIONNAIRE VIEUX KHMER-FRANCAIS-ANGLAIS c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khmer, n\u1eef Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Saveros Pou. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn huynh tr\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n H\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u00ean H\u1ef1u Hu\u1ebf. Tuy t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng huynh tr\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng! T\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00ean h\u1ed9p th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u H\u1ecdc Sinh Thi\u00ean H\u1ef1u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafn g\u1eedi n\u1eeda \u0111\u00f9a n\u1eeda th\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00f3 huynh tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 huynh tr\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n H\u1ed3ng th\u00ec xin h\u00e3y l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u1ea3 n\u1eefa. V\u00e0 l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch EBLAITICA: ESSAYS ON THE EBLA ARCHIVES AND EBLAITE LANGUAGE (edited by Cyrus H. Gordon, Gary A. Rendsburg). Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 68 Euro n\u1eefa m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 200 USD, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. B\u00e1c s\u0129 L\u00ea \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u h\u1ecdc sinh Thi\u00ean H\u1ef1u, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng song c\u1ee7a huynh tr\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n H\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng. N\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp, hai c\u1ef1u h\u1ecdc sinh Thi\u00ean H\u1ef1u kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc Nguy\u1ec5n Qu\u1ed1c B\u1ea3o v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u0111\u1ecba c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc Nguy\u1ec5n Thanh To\u00e0n, nguy\u00ean Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng (cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng) c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c Gia K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt (Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd), v\u00e0 th\u1eadt b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, V\u0169 Th\u00f9y Nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u n\u1eef sinh c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Jeanne d\u2019Arc Hu\u1ebf, c\u0169ng g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n b\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a huynh tr\u01b0\u1edfng Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n H\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Th\u00fay mang b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch 4 quy\u1ec3n\u00a0 n\u1eb7ng 5 k\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb H\u1ee3p Ch\u1ee7ng Qu\u1ed1c Hu\u00ea K\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 S\u00e0i g\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 Nha Trang. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 T\u00ccNH HUYNH \u0110\u1ec6 THI\u00caN H\u1ef0U.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch EBLAITICA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Trung T\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Ebla thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc New York g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Trung T\u00e2m (do Cyrus H. Gordon l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 bia k\u00fd h\u1ecdc Alfonso Archi thu\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e0n khai qu\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Italia do Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Paolo Matthiae c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Roma La Sapienza h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, Paolo Matthiae c\u00f3 m\u1eddi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Giovanni Pettinato, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ed5 v\u00f9ng Trung \u0110\u00f4ng tham gia \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t nung \u1edf Ebla, nh\u01b0ng sau v\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00ean Giovanni Pettinato t\u00e1ch ra t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c. H\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a linh m\u1ee5c D\u00f2ng T\u00ean Mitchell Dahood, chuy\u00ean gia ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ugarit, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Pontificio Istituto Biblico Roma, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a G.Pettinato. Di ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Tell Mardikh-Ebla \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt b\u1edfi \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Italia do Paolo Matthiae h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1964 nh\u01b0ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1975 khi 14.000 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea5t nung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u1eafc m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u0110\u1ebfn nay th\u00ec nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea5t nung \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn con s\u1ed1 17.000. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2011, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed5 ra l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee5c n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u1edf Syria c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng. T\u00f4i \u0111ang lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 Ugarit v\u00e0 Ebla, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Syria. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a khi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea5t nung l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u00e2y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nguy\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea5t nung. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea5t nung n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2400 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. 2\/3 s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea5t nung n\u00e0y kh\u1eafc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Xume. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1ea1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ebla (Eblaite). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef h\u00ecnh n\u00eam. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea5t nung n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ngo\u1ea1i giao, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 m\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Syria \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p s\u00f4ng Euphrates c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba. K\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbch l\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a Ebla l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Mari. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Giovanni Pettinato \u2013 Mitchell Dahood thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng g\u1eafn k\u1ebft Ebla v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc, t\u1ee9c Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i, tuy nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc c\u00f3 sau nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea5t nung Ebla c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 1000 n\u0103m. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u00ean ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 Heber, Abraham, Gomorra, Sodoma\u2026 trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea5t nung \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Ebla nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ckh\u00f4ng tin t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh\u201d n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng M\u00f4s\u00ea (Moses), n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o vi\u1ebft n\u0103m cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft. Theo h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa Abraham v\u00e0 n\u0103m \u00f4ng vua \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 Sodoma v\u00e0 Gomorra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft. Sau khi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Ebla, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea5t nung cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i: ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i. Ebla c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng M\u00f4s\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 qua truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea5t nung \u1edf Ebla c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y (Deluge) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 trong s\u00e1ch S\u00e1ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd (Genesis) c\u1ee7a C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ebla thu\u1ed9c ng\u1eef h\u1ec7 X\u00eamit. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ng\u1eef h\u1ec7 X\u00eamit chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00e1nh: T\u00e2y X\u00eamit (West Semitic) v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng X\u00eamit (East Semitic). Ti\u1ebfng Ugarit c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Do-th\u00e1i (Hebrew) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Aram (Aramaic) thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e1nh T\u00e2y B\u1eafc X\u00eamit (Northwest Semitic) trong khi \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng Ebla c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Accat l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e1nh \u0110\u00f4ng X\u00eamit (East Semitic). N\u1ebfu n\u0103m 1929 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Ugarit th\u00ec n\u0103m 1940 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed1n ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p Ugarit chi ti\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea5t nung Ugarit l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n thi ca \u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n thi ca trong C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 tuy s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea5t nung \u1edf Ebla phong ph\u00fa d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ebla. \u0110\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ebla thu\u1ed9c ng\u1eef h\u1ec7 \u0110\u00f4ng X\u00eamit cho n\u00ean ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Xume ch\u1eb3ng gi\u00fap g\u00ec cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ebla. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p so s\u00e1nh cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u1eafc song ng\u1eef, tam ng\u1eef ho\u1eb7c \u0111a ng\u1eef s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Xume ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f3. Ng\u1eef h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Xume \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n; \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Xume l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Accat, ti\u1ebfng Xume n\u1eafm gi\u1eef ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc X\u00eamit v\u00e0 Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Xume. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 X\u00eamit h\u1ecdc, ti\u1ebfng Xume quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Accat \u2013 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef \u00e2m, \u00e2m v\u1ecb, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Xume ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Accat l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u1eef h\u1ec7 X\u00eamit v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Xume. Tuy ti\u1ebfng Ebla m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc X\u00eamit. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Ebla \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ebla nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Xume. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ebla nh\u01b0ng theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Xume, l\u00e0m che khu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Ebla. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Xume, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Xume. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Xume th\u00f4ng qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Accat, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qua nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef Accat vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n ti\u1ebfng Xume. Ti\u1ebfng Xume v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Accat \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng song h\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda nam v\u00f9ng L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai con s\u00f4ng Euphrates v\u00e0 Tigris, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Xume \u0111\u00e3 \u201cch\u1ebft\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i\u201d n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u201ch\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt\u201d (scholarship). N\u1ebfu trong t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Accat th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Xume th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y trong ti\u1ebfng Ebla. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec tuy c\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Accat nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfng Ebla kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xa \u201ckhung c\u1ea3nh\u201d (background) c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Xume. Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd, tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfng Ebla v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft h\u00ecnh n\u00eam nh\u01b0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ai-c\u1eadp c\u1ed5. Ti\u1ebfng Ai-c\u1eadp c\u1ed5 d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh (hieroglyph). \u201cHieroglyph\u201d \u0111\u00fang ra c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ch\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc th\u00e1nh\u201d. Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Ai-c\u1eadp c\u1ed5 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 ngay \u0111\u1ebfn Jean Francois Champollion (1790-1832), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 bia Rosetta v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a hai t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee9 danh: GRAMMAIRE \u00c9GYPTIENNE OU PRINCIPES G\u00c9N\u00c9RAUX DE L\u2019\u00c9CRITURE SACR\u00c9E \u00c9GYPTIENNE v\u00e0 DICTIONNAIRE \u00c9GYPTIEN EN \u00c9CRITURE HI\u00c9ROGLYPHIQUE.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 hai l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau tuy th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cnh\u1edd v\u1ea3\u201d l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 \u0111i c\u00f9ng nhau. N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1p C\u1ed1t V\u0103n (\u7532\u9aa8\u6587)c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Thuy\u1ebft V\u0103n Gi\u1ea3i T\u1ef1 (\u8aaa\u6587\u89e3\u5b57) c\u1ee7a H\u1ee9a Th\u1eadn (\u8a31\u614e). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc 75, \u0110\u00e0i Loan c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n H\u00ecnh \u00c2m Ngh\u0129a T\u1ed5ng H\u1ee3p \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef1 \u0110i\u1ec3n (\u5f62\u97f3\u7fa9\u7d9c\u5408\u5927\u5b57\u5178) c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng. \u1ede T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n Bernhard Karlgren v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m GRAMMATA SERICA RECENSA. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 thua k\u00e9m l\u00e0 CARACT\u00c8RES CHINOIS (\u00c9TYMOLOGIE-GRAPHIES-LEXIQUES) c\u1ee7a Linh M\u1ee5c D\u00f2ng T\u00ean L\u00e9on Wieger. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1eef v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00f4i y\u00eau th\u00edch, qu\u00ed tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Gi\u00e1p C\u1ed1t V\u0103n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1300 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3\u00a0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef h\u00ecnh n\u00eam xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea5t nung kh\u1eafc ti\u1ebfng Xume v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 3400-3100 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. Ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh\u00a0 Ai-c\u1eadp c\u1ed5 th\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 3400-3200 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 Ai-c\u1eadp tuy \u201cb\u1ec1n v\u1eefng\u201d h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft\/kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean g\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1\u00a0 trong c\u00e1c kim t\u1ef1 th\u00e1p, trong khi gi\u00e1p c\u1ed1t v\u0103n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean mu r\u00f9a, x\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean th\u1ebb tre, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u201cb\u1ec1n v\u1eefng\u201d b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t (s\u00e9t) nung. V\u1ec1 ch\u1eef h\u00ecnh n\u00eam v\u00e0 ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 Ai-c\u1eadp t\u00f4i xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ba cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u00e1ch g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d nh\u01b0ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u00e1ch ba-l\u00f4\u201d, v\u00ec ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n n\u1eb1m trong ba-l\u00f4 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i m\u1ed7i khi t\u00f4i \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 xa nh\u00e0. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n A MANUAL OF SUMERIAN GRAMMAR AND TEXTS c\u1ee7a John L. Hayes, cu\u1ed1n A GRAMMAR OF AKKADIAN c\u1ee7a John Huehnergard v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n MIDDLE EGYPTIAN \u2013 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE LANGUAGE AND CULTURE OF HIEROGLYPHS c\u1ee7a James P. Allen. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ba cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai khao kh\u00e1t mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfng Xume, ti\u1ebfng Accat v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ai-c\u1eadp c\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u201ccuneiform\u201d v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng \u201chieroglyph\u201d. Ngo\u00e0i ra\u00a0 \u1edf Trung M\u1ef9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i x\u01b0a c\u0169 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 200 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ed5 v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya. \u1ede thung l\u0169ng Indus c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n-\u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Indus-Harappa, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 3300 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1ea7n-lan, Asko Parpola, v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng DECIPHERING THE INDUS SCRIPT. C\u00f2n ch\u1eef Ch\u00e0m c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Y\u00ean Ch\u00e2u c\u00e1ch Tr\u00e0 Ki\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3ng Nam m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chim bay v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn bia k\u00fd l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Champa th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn bia V\u00f5 C\u1ea1nh, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 bia k\u00fd h\u1ecdc nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p (EFEO), Georges Coed\u00e8s , th\u00ec ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 bia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Champa. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa bia \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc ch\u1eef Ch\u00e0m c\u1ed5 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n (Sanskrit), n\u1ed9i dung th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec li\u00ean quan c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Champa. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u1ed5 ch\u1eb3ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Thi\u1ec3n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 do t\u1ef1 \u00e1i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef Th\u00e1i c\u1ed5. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 CH\u1eee N\u00d4M. V\u1ec1 n\u0103m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef N\u00f4m th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u1eafm, t\u1ef1u trung c\u0169ng v\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u00e1i d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba th\u00ec h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u00ec khi t\u00ecm ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 L\u00fd, v\u0103n t\u1ecbch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ch\u1eef N\u00f4m n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Sang th\u1eddi L\u00fd th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m nh\u01b0 trong b\u00e0i bi k\u00fd \u1edf ch\u00f9a x\u00e3 H\u01b0\u01a1ng N\u1ed9n, huy\u1ec7n Tam N\u00f4ng, t\u1ec9nh Ph\u00fa Th\u1ecd (t\u1ea1c n\u0103m 1173 ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u Ch\u00ednh Long B\u1ea3o \u1ee8ng th\u1ee9 11) hay bia ch\u00f9a Th\u00e1p Mi\u1ebfu, huy\u1ec7n Y\u00ean L\u00e3ng, nay thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00fac Y\u00ean, t\u1ec9nh V\u0129nh Ph\u00fac (t\u1ea1c n\u0103m 1210 tri\u1ec1u vua L\u00fd Cao T\u00f4ng). Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i sang th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u t\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Qua th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 CH\u1eee QU\u1ed0C NG\u1eee. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef. Khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef N\u00f4m song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef. S\u00e1ch S\u1ea4M TRUY\u1ec0N CA c\u1ee7a L\u1eef Y \u0110oan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef N\u00f4m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1670. Hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef N\u00f4m. Linh m\u1ee5c D\u00f2ng T\u00ean Girolamo Majorica (1591- 1656) \u0111\u1ebfn Mi\u1ec1n Trung Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 1624 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c D\u00f2ng T\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Alexandre de Rhodes (1591-1660). Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Alexandre de Rhodes \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Linh m\u1ee5c D\u00f2ng T\u00ean Francisco de Pina (1585-1625) nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Trung T\u00e2m D\u00f2ng T\u00ean Quy Nh\u01a1n (ti\u1ebfng B\u1ed3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Pulo Cambi), B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean so\u1ea1n ra nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef N\u00f4m. Hi\u1ec7n Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c Gia Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Paris c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m coi nh\u01b0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, thi\u1ec3n ngh\u0129, \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n DICTIONARIUM ANAMITICO-LATINUM, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1838 t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u1ee7a J.L.Taberd. (Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n DICTIONARIUM LATINO-ANAMITICUM c\u0169ng c\u1ee7a J.L.Taberd. Cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb v\u1ecb ti\u1ebfng Anh, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, ti\u1ebfng La-tinh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng An-nam, ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eef N\u00f4m). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. S\u1edf d\u0129 t\u00f4i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1n DICTIONARIUM ANNAMITICUM LUSITANUM ET LATINUM (xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1651) c\u1ee7a Alexandre de Rhodes, v\u00ec cu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n tr\u1ee9 danh c\u1ee7a J.L.Taberd c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eef N\u00f4m c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La-tinh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n k\u00fd \u00e2m thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e9p t\u1eafc thi ph\u00fa n\u1eefa. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La-tinh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a J.L.Taberd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c. Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng li\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y J.L.Taberd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m vi\u1ebft tay v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n VOCABULARIUM ANAMITICO LATINUM c\u1ee7a P.J.Pigneaux. V\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft J.L.Taberd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7ng sinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t tinh th\u00f4ng H\u00e1n- N\u00f4m v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t, trong \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7ng sinh Philiph\u00ea Phan V\u0103n Minh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 qua b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n tr\u1ee9 danh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a J.L.Taberd, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i Paris \u0111\u00e3 tu\u00e2n theo Hu\u1ea5n Th\u1ecb 1659 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o thu\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o R\u00f4ma g\u1eedi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Di\u1ec7n T\u00f4ng T\u00f2a \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Xin tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n trong Hu\u1ea5n Th\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

\u201cNullum studium ponite, nullaque ratione suadete illis populisut ritus suos consuetudines et mores mutent modo ne sint apertissime religioni bonisque moribus contraria. Quid enim absurdius quam Galliam, Hispaniam, Italiam aut ullam Europae partem in Synas invehere? Non haec sed fidem importate quae nullius gentis ritus aut consuetudines, quae modo prava non sint, aut respuit aut laedit, imo vero sarta tacta esse vult. Et quoniam ea est omnium poene hominum natura ut sua, et maxime ipsas suas nationes coeteris et existimatione et amore praeferant, nihil odii et alienationis causa potentior existit quam patriarum cosuetudinum immutatio, earum maxime quibus homines ab omni patrum memoria assuevere, praesertim si abrogatarum loco tuae nationis mores\u00a0 substituas et inferas. Itaque nunquam usus illarum gentium cum usibus Europaeorum conferte, imo verovos illis magna diligentia assuescite. Admiremini et laudate ea quae laudem merentur; quae vero laudis expertia sunt, ut non sunt praeconiis assentatorum more extollenda, ita prudentiae vestrae erit de hiis aut judicium non ferre aut certe non temere et ultro damnare. Quae vero prava extiterint nutibus magis et silentio quam verbis proscindenda, opprtunitate nimirum captata qua dispositis animis ad veritatem capessendam\u00a0 sensim sine sensu evellantur.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: \u201cCh\u01b0 huynh \u0111\u1eebng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1eebng t\u00ecm l\u00fd l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c, phong t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, tr\u1eeb phi \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. Kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng \u0111em n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y Ban Nha hay n\u01b0\u1edbc Italia hay m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o Trung Hoa. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1ea5y x\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 huynh, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c tin, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5n c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9 gi\u1eef v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 coi t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 s\u1edf m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u01a1n h\u1ebft. V\u1eady nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y n\u00ean xa c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 h\u1eadn th\u00f9 l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi. V\u1eady vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0 huynh x\u00f3a b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c x\u1ee9 s\u1edf ch\u01b0 huynh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o? \u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd \u0111em so s\u00e1nh t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0 huynh h\u00e3y t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3. H\u00e3y ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ca t\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ca t\u1ee5ng. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng ca ng\u1ee3i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ca ng\u1ee3i om s\u00f2m nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u1ecbnh b\u1ee3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4n ngoan \u0111\u1eebng ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n hay \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd k\u1ebft \u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebfu suy x\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1i qu\u00e1. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c im l\u1eb7ng, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1eebng d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, th\u00ec\u00a0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee9ng \u0111i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u01b0ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a (culture) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 g\u00ec ch\u1ebft c\u1ee9ng hay m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 di v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y trong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng. V\u0103n h\u00f3a lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp thu, h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi; c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc (identit\u00e9\/identity). Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m v\u00e0 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef l\u00e0 hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t hay Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eef N\u00f4m, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean. V\u00e0 theo nhu c\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef. Theo d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u0169ng theo nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong khi ch\u1eef N\u00f4m l\u1ea1i mai m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 \u0111i d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1edf d\u0129 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ra ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tai h\u1ecda. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1eef N\u00f4m. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng N\u1ebeU, GI\u1ea2 S\u1eec, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eebng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n huy ho\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng s\u1edf d\u0129 ch\u1eef N\u00f4m b\u1ecb \u201c\u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i\u201d nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00ec hai l\u00fd do: 1-T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u201ckh\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc\u201d, mu\u1ed3n h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef N\u00f4m th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef N\u00f4m kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef. 2- T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u201ckh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecdc\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00f2.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung H\u1ecdc Thi\u00ean H\u1ef1u Hu\u1ebf, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung H\u1ecdc Adran \u0110\u00e0 l\u1ea1t, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Trung H\u1ecdc Jeanne d\u2019Arc Hu\u1ebf, C\u01b0 X\u00e1 \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 S\u00e0i g\u00f2n, Trung T\u00e2m \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 S\u00e0i g\u00f2n v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u1ef1u h\u1ecdc sinh, sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1ea5y \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p to l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Xin tr\u00edch ra \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c trong Hu\u1ea5n Th\u1ecb<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111\u00fang tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a\u00a0 Hu\u1ea5n Th\u1ecb<\/em>.D\u0129 nhi\u00ean v\u00ec Hu\u1ea5n Th\u1ecb<\/em> n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1659, n\u00ean Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Hu\u1ea5n Th\u1ecb<\/em> cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng, h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi h\u01a1n; qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y tinh th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c D\u00f2ng T\u00ean (SJ), D\u00f2ng Lasan (FSC), H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i Paris (MEP) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ed9i D\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026Quia vero ad sacra atque studia iis in regionibus promovenda non paucos sacrorum doctorum libros, aliosque hujusmodi ex latina, sive ex graeca lingua in patriam earum regionum linguam transferre opus est: id circo diligentissime perquirite quisnam ex nostris illic vel alibi reperiatur qui utraque lingua doctrinisque imbutus huic muneri par sit, et quivis sint Sacram Congregationem certiorem reddite.<\/p>\n

Scholas ubique dumma cura et diligentia erigite et juventutem illarum regionum gratis docete latinam linguam et doctrinam christianam vernaculo idiomate. Nitamini ut nullus catholicus filios tradat infidelibus erudiendos sed vobis vestrisque.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u00edch nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch th\u00e1nh, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng La-tinh ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfng Hi-l\u1ea1p sang ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y t\u00edch c\u1ef1c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ai \u0111\u00f3 trong ch\u01b0 huynh, t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y nh\u1edd h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 am hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, r\u1ed3i h\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh cho Th\u00e1nh B\u1ed9 r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y t\u1eadn t\u00e2m m\u1edf ngay nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng La-tinh v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9. H\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng sao cho kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 con c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh ch\u01b0 huynh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 huynh.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa Hu\u1ea5n Th\u1ecb <\/em>nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00fd do d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng La-tinh. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0\u00a0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Flora Cochinchinensis <\/em>c\u1ee7a Joao de Loureiro<\/em> c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La-tinh. V\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai D\u00f2ng T\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9\u00a0 \u201cCochinchina\u201d n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La-tinh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: \u201cProvincia Cham \u2013 Noticiae geographicae Cochinchinae\u201d,\u201cDe nigris Moi et Champanensibus\u201d,\u00a0 \u201cProvincia Binh Thuo\u2019n portus amplius Champa, quem olim adibant pro commercio naves exterae satis magnae Sinenses, Portus Phan Rang; portus Phan Ri\u201d,\u00a0 \u201cProvincia B\u00f4 Chinh,\u00a0 Genealogia regia tunkinensium ex familia Trinh\u201d, \u201cChronologia regnum Annamitorum exponens epocham annorum quibus coeperum regnare\u201d,\u00a0 \u201cIndex librorum Iconum plantarum sinensium nominibus sinensibus et cochinchinensibus ac latinis<\/em>\u201c.<\/em> L\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o?<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng Trung C\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng, c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ao \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm t\u1eeb\u00a0 nguy\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1eeb\u00a0 ng\u1eef\u00a0 trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh, c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 cho hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb\u00a0 ng\u1eef trong Kinh Th\u00e1nh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng sau 1975 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Champa r\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a Khmer c\u1ed5, c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec1n-Angkor. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc Sanskrit. T\u1eeb\u00a0 Sanskrit con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7u sao t\u00f4i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. T\u00f4i v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n y\u00eau th\u00edch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb\u00a0 ng\u1eef\u00a0 H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t. Ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef\u00a0 H\u00e1n. V\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n x\u01b0a c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1p C\u1ed1t V\u0103n. \u0110\u1ebfn gi\u1edd ph\u00fat n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t. T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef\u00a0 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t th\u1eadt l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. C\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1ee7 quan \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129, trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef\u00a0 kh\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n ch\u1eef\u00a0 N\u00f4m v\u00e0 ch\u1eef\u00a0 Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef tuy sinh sau \u0111\u1ebb mu\u1ed9n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, nh\u1eefng tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3\u00a0 C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n\u00a0 h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac xin tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Josemaria Escriva, \u0111\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Opus Dei: \u201cYou are ambitious for knowledge?\u2026 for leadership?\u2026 for great ventures?\u2026 Good, very good. But let it be for Christ, for love.\u201d Th\u00e1nh Phaol\u00f4 th\u00ec th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng h\u01a1n: \u201cSi linguis hominum loquar et angelorum, caritatem autem non habeam, factus sum velut aes sonans aut cymbalum tinniens.\u201d (1Cr. 13: 1).\u00a0 –<\/p>\n

Petrus Paulus Th\u1ed1ng 60<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

VI\u1ec6C H\u1eccC H\u00c0NH NG\u00d4N NG\u1eee \u00a0CH\u1eee VI\u1ebeT C\u1ed4 \u0110\u1ea0I Trong b\u00e0i \u201cM\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ef1u \u01af\u1edbc\u201d in trong cu\u1ed1n CH\u00daA KI-T\u00d4 \u0110\u00c3 S\u1ed0NG L\u1ea0I (s\u00e1ch l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng ghi n\u0103m xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n) t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Linh Ti\u1ebfn Kh\u1ea3i (t\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng Ho\u00e0ng Minh Th\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1u h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[75],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4041"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4041"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4041\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4042,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4041\/revisions\/4042"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4041"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4041"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4041"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}