{"id":4045,"date":"2016-09-19T02:07:34","date_gmt":"2016-09-19T09:07:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/?p=4045"},"modified":"2016-09-19T16:50:15","modified_gmt":"2016-09-19T23:50:15","slug":"nguoi-chu-ru-cac-vi-thua-sai-va-nha-tho-ka-don-thien-huu-nguyen-thanh-thong-60","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/?p=4045","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1eeba sai v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ka-\u0110\u01a1n (Thi\u00ean h\u1ef1u Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e0nh Th\u1ed1ng 60)"},"content":{"rendered":"

NG\u01af\u1edcI CHU-RU,<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00c1C V\u1eca TH\u1eeaA SAI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00c0 NH\u00c0 TH\u1edc KA-\u0110\u01a0N<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 (ethnic minority) theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea n\u0103m 2009 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 19.314 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 34 tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 54 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, chi\u1ebfm 0,0225 % d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Theo Linh m\u1ee5c Giuse Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Ng\u1ecdc, thu\u1ed9c Tu H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Vinh S\u01a1n (La Congr\u00e9gation de la Mission.<\/em> CM<\/em>) hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 cha s\u1edf gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Ka-\u0110\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru, th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru v\u00ec c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng C\u01a1-Ho m\u00e0 g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru C\u00f4ng-Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru theo C\u00f4ng-Gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t cao. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o-H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng-Gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh hai giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh: tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1961 v\u00e0 sau 1961 l\u00e0 n\u0103m vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai thu\u1ed9c Tu H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Vinh S\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u201ccha lazaristes\u201d. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1961, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai thu\u1ed9c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i Paris (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Missions Etrang\u00e8res de Paris, MEP).<\/em> B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng l\u1eafm ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i h\u01a1i h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i Sept mois chez les Mois <\/em>\u0111\u0103ng trong \u201cVari\u00e9t\u00e9s sur les pays Mois\u201d. (Gouvernement de la Cochinchine Saigon, n\u0103m 1935)<\/em>, Alexandre Yersin\u00a0 vi\u1ebft \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn Loan (Lauan) v\u00e0 Diom nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn danh t\u1eeb Chu-Ru, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Moi <\/em>m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n cho bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng Lao-Gouan, t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru \u1edf Loan, do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00fai, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Moi<\/em>) nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng M\u1ea1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Ch\u00e0m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, r\u1ea5t nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi An-Nam, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn mua b\u00e1n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, khai th\u00e1c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.[1]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t \u00edt khi th\u1ea5y t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Cru, Chru hay Churu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru (Churu) l\u00e0 M\u1ecdi<\/em> l\u00e0 Mongtagnard<\/em> v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng l\u1eafm l\u00e0 C\u01a1-Ho (Koho). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a danh t\u1eeb Chu-Ru n\u00e0y. Theo nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ea1t T\u1ee5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u1edf Dalat l\u00e2u n\u0103m v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb Chru ng\u1ee5 \u00fd \u201cx\u00e2m nh\u1eadp\u201d, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng ven bi\u1ec3n Ninh Thu\u1eadn \u2013 B\u00ecnh Thu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa Ch\u00e0m, trong th\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Chi\u00eam Th\u00e0nh x\u01b0a c\u00f2n chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u01a1me v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n.[2]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Theo nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Gerald Cannon Hickey th\u00ec\u00a0 danh t\u1eeb Chru (Chu-Ru) xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t\u00a0 t\u1eeb danh t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p \u201cCham-ro\u201d, t\u1ee9c \u201cCam juk\u201d (n\u1ebfu vi\u1ebft theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng la-tinh c\u1ee7a \u00c9tienne Aymonier trong Dictionnaire Cam Francais<\/em>), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u00e0m t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n\u201d[3]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. C\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng danh t\u1eeb Chu-Ru l\u00e0 t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p ti\u1ebfng Ch\u00e0m, \u201cCam Bruh\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n\u201d. Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru c\u00f2n h\u00e1t m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u00e1t theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201cCam bruh\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac, v\u1eeba h\u00e1t, v\u1eeba m\u00faa, v\u1eeba th\u1ed5i \u201cr\u01a1kel\u201d, v\u1eeba \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng \u201cp\u01a1n\u01a1ng\u201d.[4]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Henri Maitre n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ra-Glai, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cUrang Glai\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi R\u1eebng\u201d, chi\u1ebfm to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Ho\u00e0nh Li\u00ean S\u01a1n c\u1ee7a An-Nam, trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng cung r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, t\u1eeb Kh\u00e1nh-H\u00f2a \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng-B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng T\u00e1nh-Linh \u1edf T\u00e2y-Nam, \u1edf T\u00e2y-B\u1eafc h\u1ecd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf D\u00e0-Mbr\u00e9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi\u00a0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ea1. \u1ede ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tula, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kayong, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tenlup v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru \u1edf ph\u00eda sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ra-Glai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0ng ch\u1eebng \u0110a-Nhim v\u00e0 h\u1ecd chi\u1ebfm thung l\u0169ng \u0110a-Nhim \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean kia v\u00f9ng Dran. H\u1ecd \u1edf thung l\u0169ng Kajong v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a Lauang. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef (dialect) c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01a1i pha c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 C\u01a1-Ho. \u1ede m\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa, nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 tr\u1ee9 danh n\u00e0y c\u00f2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Co-Ho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 t\u01b0; m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i l\u00e0ng Chu-Ru c\u00f2n chu\u1ed9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y h\u01a1n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 x\u1ebfp c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o ng\u1eef h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng Cabaton, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru mi\u1ec1n nam, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh xem l\u1ea1i.[5]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1ec1 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a thung l\u0169ng \u0110a-Nhim. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chil c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c \u1edf thung l\u0169ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng C\u01a1-Ho, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Nam-\u00c1, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc (ethnologists) \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kodu hay Koddu.[6]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh: Kodu l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chil, ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u1ea1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1edd-N\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru \u1edf thung l\u0169ng n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n cao tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t \u1edf thung l\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Marcel Ner.[7]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, n\u1eef tu Albina Ferreiros ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 \u1edf thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng \u0110a-Nhim qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chil, ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u1ea1t g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru l\u00e0 Kodu ho\u1eb7c Koddu. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chil, ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u1ea1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Co-Ho g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m l\u00e0 Prum, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru l\u00e0 Prum Kodu. Theo Albina Ferreiros, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u01b0 d\u00e2n thung l\u0169ng \u0110a-Nhim t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd l\u00e0 Kodu. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00ec bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0: \u201cAny Kon Cau.\u201d Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 : T\u00f4i l\u00e0 Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean, Cau ho\u1eb7c C\u00f4, ho\u1eb7c Crau ho\u1eb7c Cr\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c Cru, t\u1ee9c Chu-Ru, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb l\u00e0: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.[8]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft th\u00ec t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u201cChu-Ru\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t, s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ch\u00e0m, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 trong b\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00fa \u201cN\u1eef th\u1ea7n Nogarai v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con r\u1eafn\u201d c\u00f9ng b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng ca \u201cPo Pan\u201d.[9]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb Chu-Ru xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Po Rome (hay Po Rame) (1621-1657) v\u00ec nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00fa, t\u1ee5ng ca n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau th\u1eddi Po Rome v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n cho r\u1eb1ng vua Po Rome l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, th\u01a1 ca, phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n sinh ho\u1ea1t,\u00a0 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ra-Glai (Urang Glai) c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m c\u1ea3.\u00a0 Chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n l\u00ean T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean (L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng) v\u00e0 sang Campuchia \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a vua ch\u00faa Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang theo v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng b\u00e1u v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a vua ch\u00faa Ch\u00e0m. \u0110\u1ecba danh Lauan, – ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Loan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p (Ecole Francaise d\u2019Extr\u00eame-Orient. EFEO<\/em>) r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1ea7m th\u00e0nh Lavan hay Lavang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru \u1edf Loan c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Noang -, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng Cvah, Praik, Kajon, Sopmadronhay, L\u01a1-bui, Pan Thieng\u2026g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kho b\u00e1u c\u00e1c vua Ch\u00e0m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay h\u1eefu \u00fd b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u01a1-Ho (Koho, Kaho).[10]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 \u01b0 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cMinority Groups in the Republic of Vietnam\u201d<\/em> d\u00e0y 1174 trang, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1966, nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c \u201cSummer Institute of Linguistics\u201d kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y khi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru nh\u01b0 \u00c9tienne Aymonier, Antoine Cabaton, Prosper Odend\u2019hal, Marcel Ner, Albina Ferreiros.\u00a0 E. Aymonier, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Dictionnaire Cam-Francais<\/em>, trong b\u00e0i Notes sur l\u2019Annam, Premi\u00e8re partie, Le Binh Thuan <\/em>\u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Excursions et Reconnaissances, no 24, juillet-a\u00f4ut 1885<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1m nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru (\u00f4ng ta g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru l\u00e0 Tjrou): Tjrou Bathei, Tjou Karang, Tjrou Daroui, Tjrou Habuei Badang, Tjrou Lapa-Kroeum, Tjrou Ier, Tjrou Tjil, Tjrou Tangram. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i E. Aymonier l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean vi\u1ebft (bi\u1ebft) nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru. Sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m 1902, hai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Antoine Cabaton v\u00e0 Prosper Odend\u2019hal \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb m\u00e0 hai \u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Chu-Ru c\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Ch\u00e0m, Gia-Rai, Ba-Na\u2026trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft Dix dialectes indochinois recueillis par Prosper Odend\u2019hal <\/em>\u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Journal Asiatique, mars-avril 1905; pp. 265\u2013344.<\/em> V\u00e0 A.Cabaton trong ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Chu-Ru thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m M\u00f4n-Kh\u01a1me. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u Henri Maitre c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.[11]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Nh\u01b0ng ba n\u0103m sau trong cu\u1ed1n Les Jungles Moi[12]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/em> \u00f4ng ta c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Henri Masp\u00e9ro[13]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>v\u00e0 Marcel Ner[14]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>l\u1ea1i d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru thu\u1ed9c\u00a0 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ch\u00e0m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao \u0111\u00e3 xem th\u01b0\u1eddng quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a P.Odend\u2019hal. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3: P.Odend\u2019hal \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng Chu-Ru. Trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, trong s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 400 t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c, ti\u1ebfng Chu-Ru \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 sau ti\u1ebfng Ch\u00e0m, ti\u1ebfng Gia-Rai, ti\u1ebfng Ba-Na\u2026, th\u00ec 88% c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Chu-Ru \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng C\u01a1-Ho, 8% l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb\u00a0 chung cho c\u1ea3 hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 l\u00e0ng Korang Go l\u00e0 n\u01a1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m Nam-\u0110\u1ea3o l\u1eabn nh\u00f3m Nam-\u00c1. N\u0103m 1929 Marcel Ner, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Albert Sarraut \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p giao l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m du trong k\u1ef3 h\u00e8 n\u0103m 1929 v\u00e0 1930 \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c theo m\u1eabu h\u1ec7. B\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1930 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M.Ner \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Bulletin de l\u2019\u00c9cole Francaise d\u2019Extr\u00eame-Orient. Tome 30, 1930. pp.185-227<\/em> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru c\u00f3 k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vua ch\u00faa Ch\u00e0m trong khi ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru nh\u1eefng kho b\u00e1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng; kho b\u00e1u \u1edf Lauan v\u00e0 \u1edf Kayon m\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c E.Durand v\u00e0 \u00f4ng H.Parmentier \u0111\u00e3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3, v\u00e0 hai kho b\u00e1u k\u00e9m quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n \u1edf L\u01a1-bui v\u00e0 Ta Huet. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng trung th\u00e0nh g\u00ecn gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng kho b\u00e1u \u1ea5y. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Ch\u00e0m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ch\u1eef Ch\u00e0m n\u1eefa.[15]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, n\u1eef tu Albina Ferreiros, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Les Kon Cau de Da-Nying \u2013 Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude ethnologique des Cru et des Cil du district de \u0110\u01a1n D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c. <\/em>N\u0103m 1970 Touneh H\u00e0n Th\u1ecd, con trai c\u1ee7a tri huy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru Touneh H\u00e0n \u0110\u0103ng, c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn v\u0103n th\u1ea1c s\u0129 d\u00e0y 482 trang v\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1 M\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1edf mang x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/em> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb do ch\u00ednh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfc hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2u ra c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. Theo l\u1eddi c\u00f4 Touneh Nai Chanh, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e1u nu\u00f4i, v\u00e0 b\u00e0 Touneh H\u00e0n \u0110\u00e0o, con g\u00e1i ru\u1ed9t, c\u1ee7a Touneh H\u00e0n \u0110\u0103ng, th\u00ec sau n\u0103m 1975 v\u00ec qu\u00e1 lo s\u1ee3, ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i. Gerald Cannon Hickey, trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Sons of the Mountains: Ethnohistory of the Vietnamese Central Highlands to 1954<\/em>, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1982 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 uy th\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u00f9ng Dalat xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong thung l\u0169ng \u0110a Nhim gi\u1eefa Dalat v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng ven bi\u1ec3n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf (kho\u1ea3ng 15.000 ), ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao nguy\u00ean ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m.[16]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> G.Hickey c\u00f2n n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru trong cu\u1ed1n Free in the Forrest:<\/em> Ethnohistory of the Vietnamese Central Highlands 1954-1976 <\/em>xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1982 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed1n Shattered World <\/em>xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1993. <\/em><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a tin c\u00e1c kho b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a vua ch\u00faa Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i Paris, cha Marie Louis de Gonzague Villaume (1858-1900), ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf Ninh Thu\u1eadn quen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ec1. \u1ede Phan Rang Ninh Thu\u1eadn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng \u00d4ng C\u1ed1. \u00d4ng C\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00d4ng C\u1ed1 Villaume n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t \u00d4ng C\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Marie Julien Geoffroy (1871-1918), m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c th\u1eeba sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1eabn th\u1ee7y nh\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0 khai hoang l\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec1n \u1edf Ninh Thu\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a C\u1ed1 Villaume v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp tuc nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a C\u1ed1 Villaume 18 n\u0103m sau khi c\u1ed1 Villaume m\u1ea5t (n\u0103m 1900). C\u1ed1 Geoffroy n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Ch\u00e0m, ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 Ch\u00e0m, nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u1ed1 \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m. Trong trang m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u (trang 1) b\u00e0i Kho b\u00e1u c\u00e1c Vua Ch\u00e0m<\/em> (Le Tr\u00e9sor des rois chams<\/em>) \u0111\u0103ng \u1edf T\u1eadp san c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p<\/em> (BEFEO)<\/em>, t\u1eadp 5, n\u0103m 1905, nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng Henri Parmentier, c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nay cha Villaume \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ecdi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho b\u00e1u c\u00e1c vua Ch\u00e0m.; vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1ecb nghi ng\u1edd. M\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh c\u1edd may m\u1eafn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1902 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 cha \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2026\u201d[17]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> C\u1ed1 Villaume \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1900 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1902 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm x\u00e1c minh nh\u1eefng kho b\u00e1u n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh H.Parmentier ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t linh m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng \u0111i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cha Eug\u00e8ne Durand (1864-1932). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ch\u00e0m r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn,\u00a0 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m t\u00edn c\u1ea9n. Cha E.Durand c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ch\u00e0m r\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c, bia k\u00fd, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, d\u00e2n ca, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1p Po Rom\u00e9; ch\u00ednh cha l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea7n bia k\u00fd \u1edf Th\u00e1p Po Rome. Cha E.Durand \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00f9ng Phan R\u00ed n\u0103m 1899, \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cha L.Villaume m\u1ea5t! C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd cha E.Durand l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba am hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, sau cha L.Villaume v\u00e0 cha M.Geoffroy. V\u00e0 cha l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai th\u1ee9 hai ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru (trong d\u1ecbp \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c kho b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a vua Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru). C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00fa t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c kho b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a vua ch\u00faa Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u \u1edf nh\u1eefng bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru sinh s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 am t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a cha E.Durand v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3.[18]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

V\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c Jacques Lucien Dournes (1922-1993) Tuy Cha J.Dournes v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u01a1-Ho v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gia-Rai nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc cu\u1ed1n En suivant la piste des hommes sur les hauts-plateaux du Vietnam[19]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/em> ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1946, trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111i b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng cao nguy\u00ean \u1edf Mi\u1ec1n Nam Vi\u1ec7t Nam cha \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru; cha c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kho b\u00e1u c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa Ch\u00e0m \u1edf nh\u1eefng trang 24, 25, 158, 160; \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IX (t\u1eeb trang 141 \u0111\u1ebfn trang 177) cha J.Dournes \u0111\u00e3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chil c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n ma chay c\u00fang b\u00e1i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 hai c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru c\u00f2n mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m. Cha vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i d\u1ecdc thung l\u0169ng \u0110a Nhim x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Noang n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u1eb1m thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf b\u00ean n\u00e0y s\u00f4ng m\u00e0 l\u00fac \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba sai C\u00f4ng-Gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng cha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua; trong khi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c s\u01b0 Tin-L\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00fang h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng m\u00e0 cha g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Gi\u00f4-\u0111an m\u1edbi. V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gia-Rai \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, \u0111ang t\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cmau m\u1eafn\u201d \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0103n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe c\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c Ch\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u2013 Chu-Ru, Gia-Rai, Ra-\u0110\u00ea –\u00a0 ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 cung \u1ee9ng cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, y t\u00e1, vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. Trong v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sr\u00ea (C\u01a1-Ho). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sr\u00ea n\u00f3i v\u1edbi cha J.Dournes l\u00e0 \u1edf x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru th\u00ec ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u00ec gi\u1eef nh\u00e0! Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u chung l\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng: Chu-Ru, C\u01a1-Ho, Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p. Cha J.Dournes n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ao \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 h\u1ecd.[20]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Ch\u1eafc c\u00f3 l\u1ebd theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 sau cha \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n ba cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u0111a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef![21]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Trong v\u00f9ng, \u1edf Ka \u0110\u00ea, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u0111a s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c, v\u1edbi s\u00e1u gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ra-\u0110\u00ea, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ba-Na v\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru.[22]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y cha J. Dournes \u0111i ngang qua Jom (Diom), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru, cha \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 H\u00e0n \u0110\u0103ng n\u00ean cha c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, gia c\u1ea3nh\u00a0 \u00f4ng n\u00e0y. V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m\u00a0 hi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia l\u00e0 s\u0129 quan. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru sinh cho \u00f4ng ta m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai l\u00fac \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c. V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai \u0111ang \u0111i h\u1ecdc. Nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec n\u1eeda Ch\u00e0m n\u1eeda Vi\u1ec7t; \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c trong nh\u00e0 th\u00ec theo ki\u1ec3u t\u00e2y. C\u00f3 hoa ch\u01b0ng trong b\u00ecnh; tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 treo \u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00e0m r\u00e2u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t Ch\u00e0m. \u00d4ng ta n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng C\u01a1-Ho s\u00f5i nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Chu-Ru c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng. H\u00e0n \u0110\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3i cha b\u1eefa \u0103n ngon l\u00e0nh th\u1ecbnh so\u1ea1n, cu\u1ed1i b\u1eefa c\u00f3 tr\u00e0, c\u00f3 t\u0103m x\u1ec9a r\u0103ng , c\u00f3 kh\u0103n n\u00f3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea5u \u0103n cho \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ed1c H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru. S\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau cha c\u00f2n l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 s\u00e1ng ngay tr\u00ean b\u00e0n \u1edf \u201cph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ch\u201d c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n \u0110\u0103ng trong khi ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 ch\u01b0a theo \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 cha gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5.[23]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u1ecd v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1ed1c men, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u h\u1ec5 g\u1eb7p cha J.Dournes l\u00e0 h\u1ecfi xin thu\u1ed1c; h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u201c\u00f4ng cha\u201d th\u00ec hi\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c.[24]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea7y b\u00f9a, th\u1ea7y ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y, th\u1ea7y c\u00fang. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp, h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp, l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1t, ma chay, c\u00fang b\u00e1i, ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf. \u1ede trang 164 cha c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: \u201cB\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng\u00a0 cho c\u00e1i x\u1ee9 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y b\u00f9a (th\u1ea7y c\u00fang) v\u00e0 h\u1ee7 r\u01b0\u1ee3u n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 im l\u1eb7ng ?\u201d[25]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a J. Dournes. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u201cg\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng\u201d cho ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a cha l\u00e0 n\u1eef tu Albina Ferreiros v\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Les Kon Cau de Da-Nying \u2013 Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude ethnologique des Cru et des Cil du district de \u0110\u01a1n D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c<\/em>. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u1edf trang 142 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tuy nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru d\u1ecdc ph\u00eda Nam s\u00f4ng \u0110a Nhim m\u00e0 cha kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111i ngang v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fac c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, s\u1ef1 \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1954 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Cha Francois Darricau (1919-1997) m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru. Trong b\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u00fd s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 Semailles<\/em> \u0111\u0103ng \u1edf T\u1eadp san H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i Paris[26]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> cha F.Darricau c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 n\u0103m 1954 khi cha \u1edf Dran v\u1edbi ba gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t cha c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp g\u1eb7p tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng thanh ni\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng xin cha m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. H\u1ecd h\u1ecfi bao gi\u1edd th\u00ec bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t Cha. V\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u1edf trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i n\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. Cha F.Darricau b\u1ecb k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec l\u00f2ng ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng cha ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec cha kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i trong bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Cha ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ra-Glai \u2013 Chu-Ru ho\u1eb7c Chil n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong khi cha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Sr\u00ea \u2013 C\u01a1-Ho \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng coi x\u1ee9 Kala. Nh\u01b0ng cha cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Ra-Glai \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh sang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cha ch\u01b0a ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Chu-Ru v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Ra-Glai nh\u01b0ng cha c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau[27]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. Marcel Ner, trong b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh n\u0103m 1930 \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean Bulletin de l\u2019Ecole Francaise d\u2019Extr\u00eame-Orient. Tome 30, 1930<\/em>, vi\u1ebft: \u201cCh\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ba nh\u00f3m Chu-Ru: Chu-Ru Ra-Glai \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y; Chu-Ru Ch\u00e0m \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng Nam; Chu-Ru C\u01a1-Ho n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng C\u01a1-Ho \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc.\u201d[28]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ra-Glai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng Nam s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u01a1-Ho, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n ai th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u00f2n n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y n\u1eefa.<\/em> N\u0103m 1958 cha F.Darricau thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u201cTrung t\u00e2m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u2019lon\u201d (Le Centre Montagnard M\u2019lon)<\/em>. T\u1eeb M\u2019lon cha F.Darricau \u0111\u00e3 theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Dran t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn anh em Chu-Ru \u1edf Diom \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u n\u0103m n\u00e0o. V\u00e0 c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i chi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y cha F.Darricau sang nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u1edf Diom t\u1eadp gi\u00fap l\u1ec5, t\u1eadp h\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La-tinh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c R\u1eeda T\u1ed9i. Sau th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 Cha mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cho b\u00e0 con bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng Diom v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng k\u1ebf c\u1eadn t\u1eeb n\u0103m n\u00e0y sang n\u0103m kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed9i R\u1eeda T\u1ed9i ngay. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cha F.Darricau v\u1eabn \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c em b\u00e9 s\u01a1 sinh gia nh\u1eadp H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 Diom \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1edbn, chung quanh \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung n\u0103m bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 500 d\u1ef1 t\u00f2ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n \u1edf Diom v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u1edd uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 H\u00e0n \u0110\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c c\u0169, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 s\u0129 quan, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t trong hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc Tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c S\u01b0 Huynh \u1edf Dalat, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i. Ch\u1ecb c\u1ee7a anh ta \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi em \u00fat s\u1eafp t\u1edbi c\u0169ng s\u1ebd r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng b\u1ed1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn trong v\u00f9ng. \u00d4ng ta tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u00e0 v\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u1eadt d\u1eef t\u1ee3n, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a n\u1eafm v\u1eefng nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay sau l\u1ec5, m\u1ed9t khi \u00f4ng ta tin l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i can thi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 – ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng! \u2013 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i cho xong ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. C\u00f3 ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt, \u00f4ng ta d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f4i m\u0169 b\u00ea-r\u00ea; trong khi\u00a0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9i m\u0169. Kh\u00f4ng ai h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n trong khi d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5, tr\u1ebb con th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1y xu\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e3i c\u1ecd nhau: th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nghi\u00eam trang ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ec1. M\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kinh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1eebng ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng! Sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt \u1edf Diom \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.[29]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c cha F.Darricau c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea9y u\u1ebf bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb t\u00e0 th\u1ea7n, xua \u0111u\u1ed5i ma qu\u1ef7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1eafm th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, trong nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda r\u1ed3i r\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1nh, nh\u1ed5 c\u00e1c \u201cg\u01a1n\u1eebng\u201d (c\u00e2y n\u00eau), thu h\u1ebft \u201cprah y\u00e0ng\u201d(k\u1ec7 c\u00fang), ph\u00e1 h\u1ebft \u201c\u0111\u1ec1k m\u01a1t\u00eai\u201d(\u0111\u00e1 th\u1ea7n), c\u00e1c \u201cgri\u201d(h\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t). Cha F.Darricau vi\u1ebft: Nh\u1edd \u01a1n Ch\u00faa gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn: h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Cha \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb nay nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 n\u1eefa v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111em n\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ed3 ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u01a1i \u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n: n\u0103m bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng, n\u0103m \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n chuy\u1ec7n c\u00fang b\u00e1i c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng hay nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1nh, m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eafm m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gri<\/em> t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng yang<\/em>, m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu l\u01b0\u1ee3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t h\u1ebft. [30]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> V\u00e0 k\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 qua l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u01a1n \u1ee9ng kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 trong bu\u00f4n l\u00e0ng: \u201cTh\u01b0a Cha, ch\u00fang con c\u1ea3m \u01a1n Cha, Ch\u00fang con r\u1ea5t h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec ch\u00fang con tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea5y \u00f4ng th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u00fang con t\u1ed1n b\u1ed9n ti\u1ec1n\u2026\u201d[31]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> \u201cNh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cha F.Darricau kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, d\u00f9 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf M\u2019lon nh\u01b0ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Diom v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u2019lon th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha giao cho c\u00e1c soeur d\u00f2ng Phan Sinh (1959); v\u00e0 em b\u00e9 Pierre Touneh H\u00e0n Ph\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (7\/6\/1959) c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ea1t \u0110\u01a1n D\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a cha F.Darricau. Em b\u00e9 ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi Pierre Touneh H\u00e0n Ph\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho 3 s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c, v\u00ec em l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u01a1-Ho (L\u00e1t) v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh (n\u1eeda Chu-Ru n\u1eeda Hoa, con ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Touneh H\u00e0n \u0110\u0103ng)\u2026.N\u1ebfu ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a cha Alexandre de Rhodes (\u00d4ng T\u1ed5 Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef) truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong 21 n\u0103m (1624-1645) \u0111\u00e3 R\u1eeda T\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 6700 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec cha F.Darricau, m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 sau h\u01a1n 300 n\u0103m, c\u0169ng 22 n\u0103m truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n 2000 Ki-t\u00f4 h\u1eefu (s\u1ed5 M\u2019lon l\u00e0 1717 c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam \u1edf Dran, Kala r\u1ed3i Diom) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c.\u201d[32]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> N\u0103m 1960 cha Christian Grison (1929-2007) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn Diom \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1edbi n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru, nh\u01b0ng n\u0103m sau (1961) cha l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 Cam-Ly. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1955 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00e0 cha F.Darricau ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru. Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i Paris th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1955 hai cha Octave Lef\u00e8vre (1907-1955) v\u00e0 Fernand Parrel (1907-1992) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u1eef tu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t thu\u1ed9c D\u00f2ng N\u1eef T\u1eed B\u00e1c \u00c1i Th\u00e1nh Vinh S\u01a1n Phaol\u00f4 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Montagnard), nh\u01b0ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft b\u00e0 H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Touneh H\u00e0n \u0110\u00e0o, sinh n\u0103m 1937, con ngo\u1ea1i h\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Touneh H\u00e0n \u0110\u0103ng, do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed1n m\u1eb9 nu\u00f4i b\u0103ng qua s\u00f4ng \u0110a Nhim \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 th\u1edd L\u1ea1c L\u00e2m xin cha Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu K\u1ef3 R\u1eeda T\u1ed9i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1954. C\u00f2n \u00f4ng Lucien-Francois Touneh H\u00e0n Th\u1ecd (anh c\u00f9ng cha kh\u00e1c m\u1eb9 v\u1edbi b\u00e0 Touneh H\u00e0n \u0110\u00e0o) l\u00fac \u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ee7a Coll\u00e8ge d\u2019Adran Dalat \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu Ph\u00e9p R\u1eeda ng\u00e0y 17\/2\/1955 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Dalat (S\u1ed1 R\u1eeda T\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 5377 bis, quy\u1ec3n 9). T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1961, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru \u1edf v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda nam s\u00f4ng \u0110a-Nhim m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho c\u00e1c cha thu\u1ed9c Tu H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Vinh S\u01a1n (Lazaristes). \u201cV\u1edbi nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c cha chia nhau \u0111i c\u00e1c n\u01a1i: n\u0103m 1964 cha Gabriel D\u00e9thune \u0111i Sr\u00eabo\u00ea (ng\u00e0y nay thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00e0 Loan) v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c N\u1eef T\u1eed B\u00e1c \u00c1i Vinh S\u01a1n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi Sr\u00eabo\u00ea l\u00e0 \u2018Trung t\u00e2m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2019 c\u1ee7a cha G.D\u00e9thune. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cha \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng chung quanh: T\u00f9ng Ngh\u0129a, T\u00e0 In, T\u00e0 N\u0103ng\u2026N\u0103m 1968, v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn tranh, cha G.D\u00e9thune chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Sr\u00eabo\u00ea ra Dagun (g\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ea1i Ninh). N\u0103m 1970 cha Ren\u00e9 Dulucq \u0111i Ka \u0110\u00f4. N\u0103m 1972 cha Jacques Gros \u0111i Ka-\u0110\u01a1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c N\u1eef T\u1eed B\u00e1c \u00c1i Vinh S\u01a1n. C\u0169ng trong n\u0103m 1972 cha Victor Berset t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1i phong B\u1ebfn S\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn Diom thay th\u1ebf cha Robert Cartier v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c cha x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1edf m\u1ed7i l\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n, c\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng c\u1eed h\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh L\u1ec5, d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, ph\u00e1t thu\u1ed1c\u2026 C\u00e1c cha, c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang cha G.D\u00e9thune, ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh\u00a0 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Chu-Ru<\/em> do cha F.Darricau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, d\u1ecbch th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1edbi<\/em>, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Chu Ru, B\u1ed9 L\u1ec5 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt Quanh N\u0103m A, B, C<\/em> v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c m\u00f9a, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n T\u1ef1 V\u1ecb Chu-Ru Ph\u00e1p<\/em>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1ec5 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Chu-Ru<\/em>. Ri\u00eang cha R.Dulucq v\u1edbi khi\u1ebfu \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, cha \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u00e1t Ph\u1ee5ng V\u1ee5 mang \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng Chu-Ru.\u201d[33]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o Vinh S\u01a1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 \u201cti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m l\u1eddi n\u00f3i\u201d th\u00e0nh ra ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin g\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft cha Ren\u00e9 Dulucq, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c cha Tu H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Vinh S\u01a1n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u0103m 1965 c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 La Cendre des Souvenirs <\/em>(Tro t\u00e0n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m). Ch\u1eafc cha R.Dulucq c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru trong t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n \u1ea5p \u1ee7 trong \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 Ka-\u0110\u01a1n, g\u1eb7p Cha Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Ng\u1ecdc, r\u1ed3i g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o l\u00e0: V\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru? V\u00ec nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh Cha L.Villaume l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 cha L.Villaume \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 kho b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c vua ch\u00faa Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u \u1edf n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u1edd \u01a1n Ch\u00faa, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ed3i k\u00fd Un Souvenir de la pers\u00e9cution dans la mission de Cochinchine orientale<\/em> c\u1ee7a cha L.Villaume. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n Gi\u1eb7c V\u0103n Th\u00e2n, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba 25 th\u00e1ng t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 ba 15 th\u00e1ng ch\u00edn n\u0103m 1885. Xin tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch ra \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n cha L.Villaume c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru. H\u1ed3i k\u00fd n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 d\u00e0i C\u1ed1 L.Villaume g\u1eedi cho b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9, vi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i B\u00e0 R\u1ecba ng\u00e0y 8 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1885 sau 22 ng\u00e0y ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n gi\u1eb7c V\u0103n Th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026\u2026Th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y 29 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1885\u2026\u2026\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang con \u0111ang \u1edf trong x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru, ho\u1eb7c Chu, theo nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi An-Nam cho bi\u1ebft. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n man d\u00e3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n v\u00e0 r\u00e8n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t lo\u1ea1i s\u1eaft hoang s\u01a1 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y; \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi An-Nam th\u00edch th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y h\u01a1n th\u1ee9 th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u\u2026 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadt 30 th\u00e1ng t\u00e1m\u2026Tr\u00ean su\u1ed1t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng xinh \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 si\u00eang n\u0103ng canh t\u00e1c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng con m\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u1ed1c, nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u1eadp tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 thua k\u00e9m ng\u01b0\u1eddi An-Nam. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat th\u00ec ch\u00fang con g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn hai s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c Chu-Ru v\u00e0 C\u01a1-Ho. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 man d\u00e3 tr\u00ean danh x\u01b0ng, chuy\u1ec7n m\u00ea t\u00edn v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ecfa th\u00e2n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ra-Glai v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m \u1edf B\u00ecnh-Thu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd nu\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u g\u00e0, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, heo th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y mu\u1ed1i \u1edf x\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi An-Nam, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi man d\u00e3 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1i \u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi An-Nam nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng, n\u00ean chi ph\u1ea3i v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c tham v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi An-Nam\u2026 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau; ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n. \u0110\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd d\u00e2ng c\u00fang cho Gi\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t con tr\u00e2u; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra sau nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 m\u00f9a b\u1ed9i thu. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang b\u00e1i \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh g\u1ed7 vu\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ee7 xu\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0 tua vi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i gai d\u1ea7u. M\u1ea3nh g\u1ed7 vu\u00f4ng n\u00e0y m\u1ed7i c\u1ea1nh ch\u1eebng 50 xentimet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tua vi\u1ec1n d\u00e0i 70 xentimet. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo \u1edf gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a m\u1eaft h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ma qu\u1ef7 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea5n v\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u xin; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed7i khi h\u1ecd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i am l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 c\u00e2y \u1edf g\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m ru\u1ed9ng; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru v\u00e0 C\u01a1-Ho \u00edt m\u00ea t\u00edn h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru c\u00f2n \u00edt m\u00ea t\u00edn h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u01a1-Ho n\u1eefa. V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, con tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf m\u1eaft \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai n\u00e0o \u0111i ngang qua nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 k\u00e9m tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa so v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi An-Nam. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, x\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n xa l\u1ea1. C\u00f3 4 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru v\u00e0 8 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u01a1-Ho ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf cho Phan-R\u00ed. Xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c quan \u1edf Phan Rang, nh\u01b0ng con kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 sai con \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00fang ngay l\u00fac con b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi x\u1ee9 An-Nam. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u con \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn, con kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec7m s\u1edf c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng h\u00f4m nay Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa b\u1eaft con ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, bao l\u00e2u h\u1ecd c\u00f2n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi tay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi An-Nam, th\u00ec con ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u ch\u00fang con ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho h\u1ecd. Con th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng n\u00e0y trong l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 canh t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2026Th\u1ee9 hai 31 th\u00e1ng t\u00e1m\u2026Ch\u00fang con th\u1ea5y nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 trong l\u00e0nh bao nhi\u00eau, v\u00ec ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean cao v\u00e0 xa c\u00e1c chu\u1ed3ng tr\u00e2u b\u00f2, th\u00ec nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Co-Ho l\u1ea1i b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau; ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t m\u00e9t, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng tre l\u00fac nh\u00fac n\u00e0o heo, n\u00e0o d\u00ea v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m con g\u00e0 m\u00e1i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 khi nh\u1eefng con d\u00ea v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con g\u00e0 m\u00e1i chia nhau m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. C\u1eeda c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u0103n nh\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1eeda chu\u1ed3ng ch\u00f3 v\u00ec n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p. Con \u0111o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1eeda, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 cao c\u00f3 60 xentim\u00e9t. B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o trong l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u2026.\u201d[34]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo quan ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 cha L.Villaume \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng Cao Nguy\u00ean thu\u1ed9c L\u00e2m-\u0110\u1ed3ng xu\u1ed1ng quan h\u1ec7, l\u00e0m \u0103n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m thu\u1ed9c B\u00ecnh-Thu\u1eadn l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i v\u00e0i ba h\u00f4m trong t\u00e2m th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0 so s\u00e1nh s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a cha L.Villaume kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c trong v\u00f9ng B\u00ecnh-Thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. Ch\u00ednh cha l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, sinh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Vi\u1ec5n \u0110\u00f4ng B\u00e1c C\u1ed5 Ph\u00e1p (EFEO) l\u00fac \u1ea5y<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1975 tr\u1edf \u0111i Tu H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Vinh S\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru n\u1eefa. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ri\u00eang l\u1ebb nh\u01b0 n\u0103m 1991 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Ka-\u0110\u01a1n cha Alexis T\u1ed1ng Ph\u01b0\u1edbc H\u1eadu,CM. lo cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru v\u00f9ng Proh v\u00e0 Ka-\u0110\u01a1n. N\u0103m 1995 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Proh, cha Augustin\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1eefu Gia, CM. lo cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru v\u00f9ng Proh. N\u0103m 1998 cha Giuse Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Ng\u1ecdc, CM. ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 Ka-\u0110\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u01a1-Ho v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru, nh\u01b0ng cha qu\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru. Cha \u0111\u00e3 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru. Cha c\u00f3 tham kh\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n dang d\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cha lazaristes ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Chu-Ru m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1nh ca, s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, s\u00e1ch l\u1ec5 R\u00f4-Ma, Kinh Th\u00e1nh T\u00e2n \u01af\u1edbc, bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n hai cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng Chu-Ru Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Chu-Ru, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m ca dao t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru c\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ch\u00e0m. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cha Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Ng\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd Ka-\u0110\u01a1n. G\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Ki\u1ebfn Tr\u00fac Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u L\u1ea7n IV – 2011 (Premio Europeo di Architettura Sacra \u2013 Fondazione Frate Sole – Italia). \u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eadm b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a Chu-Ru \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i, Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ec7t (Low-House), s\u00e0ng nh\u00e0 s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 S\u00e0ng (House on piling), s\u00e0ng nh\u00e0 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo Touneh H\u00e0n Th\u1ecd, ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 tr\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u00e1t tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng sau n\u0103m 1950 th\u00ec lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao nguy\u00ean.[35]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> C\u00f2n s\u1edf d\u0129 Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd Ka-\u0110\u01a1n hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u201ctr\u1ec7t\u201d tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. V\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng; c\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t v\u1ebb t\u00f4n nghi\u00eam ch\u0103ng?\u00a0 Theo suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Gia \u0110\u00ecnh, Gia \u0110\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa (Family of God). V\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean xem m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh. V\u1eady Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9. N\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1edd t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u00a0 n\u01a1i th\u1edd t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9. Nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ba gian. Gian b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. Gian b\u00ean tr\u00e1i v\u1eeba l\u00e0m n\u01a1i ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 n\u01a1i lo vi\u1ec7c b\u1ebfp n\u00fac, s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m. Gian gi\u1eefa c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n g\u1ed7 th\u1ea5p v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1t gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5 b\u00e0 l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ed3i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1ch xa kh\u00e1ch kh\u1ee9a v\u00e0 ch\u00e9n b\u00e1t th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecdn \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf gian n\u00e0y. Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd Ka-\u0110\u01a1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ba ph\u1ea7n. Gian ch\u00ednh \u1edf gi\u1eefa r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5. Gian b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111a n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng \u00e1o l\u1ec5, (theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng m\u1eb7c \u00e1o). Gian b\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 ba ph\u00f2ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1i hi\u00ean l\u1edbn, v\u01b0\u01a1n r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd tr\u1ebb em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00f9a trong c\u1ea3 hai m\u00f9a m\u01b0a n\u1eafng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb xa, t\u1eeb tr\u00ean nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng, theo c\u1ea3m th\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd Ka-\u0110\u01a1n tr\u00f4ng \u201cnh\u01b0 g\u00e0 m\u1eb9 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p g\u00e0 con d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1nh\u201d (Mt. 23:37). Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd Ka-\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. N\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru m\u00e1i tranh v\u00e1ch tre \u0111an, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean chung quanh th\u00ec Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd Ka-\u0110\u01a1n m\u00e1i ng\u00f3i \u0111\u1ecf, v\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng thanh g\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng song song c\u00e1ch kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp c\u1eeda k\u00ednh l\u00f9a trong su\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1edf h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng chung quanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1eebng th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed3i, d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi trong xanh, \u0111\u00eam th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7y sao. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm g\u1ed7 ch\u1eafc t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ed9t k\u00e8o, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khung ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd Ka-\u0110\u01a1n th\u00ec b\u1eb1ng s\u1eaft v\u1edbi ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn c\u00e2y c\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng s\u1eaft cao t\u1ea1o t\u00ednh linh thi\u00eang trang nghi\u00eam c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c m\u00e1i ng\u00f3i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o Nh\u00e0 Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u00f2ng th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 cao v\u00fat v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o nhau, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 che ch\u1edf c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7u l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf! Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a Chu-Ru v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. Trong \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd Ka-\u0110\u01a1n c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: \u201cGi\u1ea5y m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd v\u00f9i v\u00e0o n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00ean th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, duy ch\u1ec9 th\u00e1p chu\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0a th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean\u2026.S\u1ef1 trong su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a qua c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn s\u1ee5 giao thoa \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng gian\u2026Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec huy ho\u00e0ng h\u01a1n t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tr\u00ean m\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt huy ho\u00e0ng: n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecf, n\u00fai non tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i, n\u1eafng, gi\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, v\u1ea7ng tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u00e1nh sao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 trang s\u1ee9c cho Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ti\u1ebft t\u1ea5u v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u2018r\u00e8m\u2019 nan g\u1ed7, kh\u00f4ng gian trong Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd kh\u00f4ng chia c\u1eaft t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ra c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt xung quanh m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y.\u201d C\u00f2n g\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi h\u01a1n! \u0110\u00fang v\u00e2y! T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ca t\u1ee5ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Duy ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 th\u00f4i! Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ca t\u1ee5ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa! M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ca t\u1ee5ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa hay sao? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Cha Giuse Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Ng\u1ecdc CM,\u00a0 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i quen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Cha Ng\u1ecdc Chu-Ru, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai (\u0111\u00e3) s\u1ebd cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd Ka \u0110\u01a1n. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ph\u1eadn Dalat, c\u1ee7a Tu H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Vinh S\u01a1n, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m, c\u1ee7a hai ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb Vi\u1ec7t Ki\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c, c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Cha Ng\u1ecdc Chu-Ru l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o X\u1ee9 Ka-\u0110\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n tham d\u1ef1. M\u1ed7i bu\u1ed5i l\u1ec5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o x\u1ee9 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7c; d\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7c th\u00e1nh th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ca t\u1ee5ng Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Trong ng\u00f4i Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ed3i th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong ng\u00f4i Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd m\u1edbi l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ea5m c\u00fang h\u01a1n, vang to h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng kinh nguy\u1ec7n, th\u00e1nh ca ng\u1ee3i khen Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd Ka-\u0110\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1! Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru! Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i Paris (MEP), c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Dalat, v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Tu H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o Vinh S\u01a1n (CM). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru theo C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t cao; theo l\u1eddi Cha Ng\u1ecdc Chu-Ru th\u00ec g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u1ea1 c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed9c, l\u1ea1i theo C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t \u00edt; t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIV Ch\u00e2n Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Odorico da Pordenone, thu\u1ed9c D\u00f2ng Phan-xi-c\u00f4, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m trong h\u1ed3i k\u00fd du h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i Paris (MEP) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 Ciampa l\u00e0 C\u1ed1 Louis Chevreuil (1627-1693). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1661. Sau \u0111\u00f3 C\u1ed1 Toussaint Feret (1644-1700) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng t\u1ea1i Kh\u00e1nh-H\u00f2a v\u00e0 B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn trong 18 n\u0103m tr\u1eddi (1682-1700). C\u1ed1 Joao de Loureiro (1710-1791) thu\u1ed9c D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u De Nigris Moi et Champanensibus<\/em> n\u0103m 1790.\u00a0 N\u0103m 1828 Th\u00e1nh T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o Francois Isidore Gagelin (1799-1833) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a h\u1ecd. Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Jean Louis Taberd (1794-1840) t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ch\u00e0m. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 Marie Louis de Gonzague Villaume (1858-1900), v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm v\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u1eddi, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m h\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft. C\u1ed1 Marie Julien Geoffroy (1871-1918) n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Ch\u00e0m, ch\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 Ch\u00e0m, nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a C\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u00e0m. C\u1ed1 Eug\u00e8ne Durand (1864-1932) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ch\u00e0m. C\u1ed1 G\u00e9rard Moussay (1932-2012) ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Dictionnaire Cam-Francais-Vietnamien<\/em> (xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1971), v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Grammaire de la langue Cam<\/em> (xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2006). Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng\u00a0 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o v\u1eabn \u201cnh\u01b0 l\u00e1 m\u00f9a thu\u201d. V\u00ec sao v\u1eady? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u00ecm l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Chu-Ru l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cs\u1eafc t\u1ed9c Ch\u00faa ch\u1ecdn\u201d ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n Ng\u00e0y Kh\u00e1nh Th\u00e0nh Nh\u00e0 Th\u1edd Gi\u00e1o X\u1ee9 Ka-\u0110\u01a1n, <\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng Tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1t Gi\u1ea3i Th\u01b0\u1edfng Ki\u1ebfn Tr\u00fac Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u L\u1ea7n IV – 2011 (Premio Europeo di Architettura Sacra \u2013 Fondazione Frate Sole – Italia).<\/em><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2014.<\/em><\/p>\n

Thi\u00ean H\u1ef1u Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u00e0nh Th\u1ed1ng 60.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a>\u201cLes habitants de Lao-Gouan, ainsi que de tous les villages situ\u00e9s sur la cr\u00eate de la montagne entre Phan-Ry et Phan-Ran (Lao-Souan, Caion, Rlom, Bokran, M\u2019olone, Diom, etc.), par suite de croisements fr\u00e9quents avec les Tiames du bas de la montagne, n\u2019ont plus le type moi pur. Ils parlent indiff\u00e9remment le Ma ou le Tiame. Ce sont des gens tr\u00e8s doux, tr\u00e8s craintifs, durement exploit\u00e9s par les Annamites qui viennent commercer chez eux.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

[2]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a>Xem b\u00e0i \u201cC\u00e1c t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n g\u1ed1c \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n B\u1ea1t T\u1ee5y \u0111\u0103ng trong \u201cDALAT Du l\u1ecbch L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, 1986, s\u1ed1 3.\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

[3]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> \u201cThe coastal Cham referred to the group in the Danhim Valley as Cham-ro\u00a0 or \u2018Cham in refuge\u2019, and this eventually became Chru.\u201d\u00a0 (Gerald Cannon Hickey: Shattered World<\/em>, University of Pennsylvania Press. USA.1993, p. 47)<\/strong><\/p>\n

[4]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> Xem b\u00e0i \u201cS\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Churu v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u0103m\u201d<\/em> c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Lm. <\/strong>Giuse Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u1ee9c Ng\u1ecdc.<\/strong><\/p>\n

[5]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> \u201cLes Raglai, appel\u00e9s aussi Orang Glai, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire \u2018Hommes des for\u00eats\u2019 occupent tout le pied des contreforts c\u00f4tiers de la chaine annamite, en un vaste arc de cercle depuis le Kanh-Hoa au N.E. jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la r\u00e9gion du Tam-Linh au S.O. Dans le N.-O., ils s\u2019arr\u00eatent \u00e0 la D\u00e0-Mbr\u00e9 o\u00f9 ils sont limitrophes des Ma\u2019. Au N. ils sont bord\u00e9s par les Tula, les Kayong, les Tenlup et les Churu. Les Churu demeurent en arri\u00e8re des Raglai et jusqu\u2019au moyen D\u00e0-Nhim dont ils occupent la vall\u00e9e du Kajong et les cantons de Lavang. Leur dialecte est quelque peu m\u00e9lang\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments koho. Dans une note, le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre explorateur pr\u00e9cise: Les Churu parlent indiff\u00e9remment koho; certains villages churu emploient m\u00eame cette langue de pr\u00e9ference \u00e0 la leur, ce qui a fait ranger la tribu enti\u00e8re, \u00e0 tort \u00e0 mon avis, dans la deuxi\u00e8me famille. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019a fait M.Cabaton qui a explor\u00e9 les Churu m\u00e9ridionaux. La question, cependant, m\u00e9rite d\u2019\u00eatre s\u00e9rieusement revue.\u201d (H.Maitre: Les Jungles Moi<\/em>, Paris, Emile Larose, 1912, p. 400)<\/strong><\/p>\n

[6]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> Jacques Dournes: \u201cEn suivant la piste des hommes\u201d<\/em>, Julliard, 1955, p. 141-177.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00e0 G. Condominas: \u201cL\u2019exotique est quotidien\u201d,<\/em> Plon, 1968.<\/strong><\/p>\n

[7]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> Marcel Ner: \u201cAu pays du droit maternel\u201d,<\/em> BEFEO, XXX, 1930, no 3-4, pp. 533-537.<\/strong><\/p>\n

[8]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> \u201c Donc, l\u2019appellation Kodu ou Kodduu, les vieux de la vall\u00e9e sont cat\u00e9goriques, est le nom que les Cil et les Lac donnent aux Cru. Kil, Lat, Koho appellent les Cham, Prum, et les Churu, Prum Kodu. En efet, je n\u2019ai jamais entendu un habitant de la vall\u00e9e appeler Kodu qui que ce soit. Je peux dire que ce mot n\u2019existe pas chez eux. Par contre, chez certains r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s venant de l\u2019ouest (r\u00e9gion de Phi-Yang) soit du Nord (r\u00e9gion du Lom-Bieng), et qui sont en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ou des Lac ou des Cil, j\u2019ai cueilli cette expression. Les gens de langue koho me diront, 99 fois sur 100: \u2018Any Kon Cau\u2019, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire: \u2018Je suis enfant (de l\u2019)homme\u2019. Or, Cau ou C\u00f4, ou Crau ou Cr\u00f4 ou Cru repr\u00e9sentent exactement le m\u00eame mot: Homme.\u201d (Albina Ferreiros:Les Kon Cau de Da-Nying,<\/em> M\u2019lon 1969, Paris 1971. pp. 55-56)<\/strong><\/p>\n

[9]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> Antoine Cabaton: Nouvelles Recherches sur les Chams<\/em>, Ernest Leroux. Paris. 1901. pp. 99, 100, 103, 111<\/strong><\/p>\n

[10]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> Xem trang 3 (Parmentier Henri, Durand E,-M.: Le Tr\u00e9sor des Rois Chams<\/em>. In: Bulletin de l\u2019Ecole Francaise d\u2019Extreme-Orient. Tome 5, 1905.pp. 1-46): \u201cHuit dep\u00f4ts seulement nous sont actuellement connus: T\u1ecbnh-m\u0129, dans la plaine de Phanri; Ph\u01b0\u1edbc-\u0111\u1ed3ng, H\u1eadu-sanh et H\u1eefu-\u0111\u1ee9c, dans la vall\u00e9e de Phanrang; Palei Cvah, Lavan, Palei Praik et Kajon, chez les Mois Koho.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

[11]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a>Henri Maitre: Les R\u00e9gions Moi du Sud-Indochinois,<\/em> Plon, 1909, p. 46 <\/strong><\/p>\n

[12]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> Henri Maitre: Les Jungles Moi<\/em>, Paris, E.Larose, 1912, p. 400<\/strong><\/p>\n

[13]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> Henri Maspero: Langues de l\u2019Indochine. (<\/em>G.Maspero: L\u2019Indochine<\/em>, T.I, p. 63 et sq)<\/strong><\/p>\n

[14]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> Marcel Ner: Au pays du droit maternel.<\/em> B.E.F.E.O. Vol.XXX, 1930, no 3-4, p. 544 et sq.<\/strong><\/p>\n

[15]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a>Xem trang 546 s\u0111d: \u201cD\u2019autre part, c\u2019est naturellement aux Churu que les princes cham en fuite ont confi\u00e9 leurs tr\u00e9sors les plus importants; ceux de Lauan et de Kayon d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9crits par le R.P.Durand et M.Parmentier, et aussi deux tr\u00e9sors plus modestes, ceux de L\u01a1-bui et de Ta Huet. J\u2019ai pu voir avec quelle fid\u00e9lit\u00e9\u00a0 passionn\u00e9e qu\u2019ils sont toujours gard\u00e9s. Ainsi s\u2019explique ais\u00e9ment que les Churu parlent presque tous un dialecte cham et que m\u00eame on\u00a0 trouve chez eux des personnes susceptibles de lire cette langue et de l\u2019\u00e9crire\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

[16]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a>Xem trang 314 s\u0111d:\u201cDuring this period of change the most influential highland leaders in the Dalat area were from among the Chru, who are located in the Danhim valley between Dalat and the coastal plain. Although they are a relatively small ethnic group (around 15,000), the Chru are the most advanced of the highlanders because of their historical relationship to the Cham.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

[17]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> Xem trang 1 s\u0111d: \u201cDepuis de longues ann\u00e9es l\u2019existence chez les Mois d\u2019un \u201ctr\u00e9sor des rois chams\u201d avait \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9e par le P. Villaume; mais le fait avait \u00e9t\u00e9 souvent mis en doute. Un heureux hasard permit en 1902 de reconnaitre l\u2019exactitude des indications qu\u2019il avait recues…\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

[18]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a>Xem \u201cLe Tr\u00e9sor des rois chams\u201d<\/em> (BEFEO.Tome 5, 1905. pp. 1-46)<\/strong><\/p>\n

[19]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a>Jacques Dournes:En suivant la piste des hommes sur les hauts-plateaux du Vietnam<\/em>, Ren\u00e9 Julliard Paris, 1955.<\/strong><\/p>\n

[20]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a>Xem trang 141, 148 s\u0111d: \u201cChangement de direction! Il m\u2019est demand\u00e9 maintenant de suivre la piste des Churu et Noang, tribus \u00e9tablies le long de la vall\u00e9e de la Da-Nying, en vue de la fondation d\u2019une mission de ce c\u00f4t\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Il n\u2019y a encore aucun missionnaire catholique chez les quatre mille habitants des soixante villages que je vais visiter; des pasteurs protestants commencent \u00e0 recruter quelques adeptes, qu\u2019ils baptisent par immersion dans le fleuve, nouveau Jourdain. Le pays est en pleine \u00e9volution; les Churu, tels les Jorai du Nord, sont en voie d\u2019administrer eux-m\u00eames; les plus \u201crapides\u201d font d\u00e9j\u00e0 du commerce et roulent voiture. Il est \u00e0 remarquer que ces tribus chamis\u00e9es \u2013 Churu, Jorai, Rod\u00e9 \u2013 sont tr\u00e8s en avance sur les autres groupes ethniques, au point de leur fournir instituteurs, infirmiers, cadres en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral\u2026Eh bien! En pays churu, ce sont les femmes qui travaillent la rizi\u00e8re et les hommes qui gardent la maison!…Presque tous les hommes parlent quatre langues: churu, koho, vietnamien et francais. Je les envie et les admire\u2026\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n

[21]<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/a> Dictionnaire Sr\u00ea (K\u00f6ho)-Fran\u00e7ais. Recueil de 8 000 mots et expressions du dialecte p\u00e9msien Sr\u00ea (populations montagnardes du Sud-Indochinois, tribu des Sr\u00ea). <\/em><\/strong>E Sa\u00efgon : Imprimerie dExtr\u00eame-Orient, 1950, XXX+282 p.
\nLexique polyglotte Fran\u00e7ais-K\u00f6ho-R\u00f6glai-Vi\u00eatnamien (avec G. Bochet). <\/em>E Sa\u00efgon : \u00c9ditions France-Asie, 1953, XXI+133 p.
\n\u00c9bauche de dictionnaire de la langue j\u00f6rai. <\/em>E [Ch\u00f6reo], [1964], multigr., XII+1112 p. [selon P. Le Roux, c\u2019est un document inestimable dont tr\u00e8s peu d\u2019exemplaires subsistent].
\nCompl\u00e9ment du dictionnaire de la langue j\u00f6rai. <\/em>[Ch\u00f6reo], multigr., 500 p.<\/strong><\/p>\n

[22]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a>Xem trang 156 s\u0111d: \u201cPr\u00e8s d\u2019ici: Kode, nom commun dans tout le Haut-Donnai; ce n\u2019est pas pour le petit village boueux, pour le centre scolaire provincial\u2026Les instituteurs sont six: trois Rod \u00e9, un Bonar, deux Churu\u2026\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

[23]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a>Xem trang 144, 145 s\u0111d: \u201cPass\u00e9s en rive gauche de la Da-Nying, nous prenons contact avec le pays churu par le village de Jom. Nous sommes noblement recus par Hang-Dang, seigneur f \u00e9odal, haute autorit\u00e9 de la r \u00e9gion, dont le clan tient toutes les commandes: d\u2019une premi\u00e8re femme cham il a eu deux fils, devenus l\u2019un directeur d\u2019\u00e9cole, l\u2019autre officier; une seconde femme, churu, lui donna un fils, maintenant administrateur; d\u2019une troisi\u00e8me femme, vietnamienne, il a eu trois enfants encore au coll\u00e8ge. La maison de Hang-Dang est de style hybride \u2013 on pouvait s\u2019y attendre \u2013tenant de l\u2019habitat cham et du vietnamien: le mobilier est europ\u00e9en. Des fleurs dans un vase, des photographies de famille; plus rien de montagnard. Le vieux marquis de Jom, \u00e0 barbiche blanche, accuse un type cam prononc\u00e9; il parle le koho aussi bien que le churu comme d\u2019ailleurs la plupart des hommes de son village\u2026Hang-Dang nous offre un diner remarquable, \u00e9pic\u00e9 \u00e0 souhait. Son boy styl\u00e9 apporte \u00e0 la fin du repas le th\u00e9, les cure-dents et les serviettes chaudes. Je f\u00e9licite Hang-Dang sur son cuisinier: c\u2019est un Vietnamien de Hanoi, venu en ce pays depuis le bas \u00e2ge et mari\u00e9 \u00e0 une Churu…Le lendemain matin, la messe est c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9e sur la table du \u2018salon\u2019 de Hang-Dang, messe, l\u2019oeuvre essentielle de cette tourn\u00e9e, pour moi comme pour eux, \u00e0 l\u2019intention de qui je la dis et \u00e0 qui je ne manque pas l\u2019occasion de l\u2019expliquer.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

[24]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> Xem trang 147 s\u0111d: \u201cOn ne tarde pas \u00e0 me demander des rem\u00e8des. \u2013 Mais vous en avez ici\u2026 – Ce sont peut \u00eatre les m\u00eames; mais ceux d\u2019ici sentent le riz chez nous, tandis que les m\u00e9decines du P\u00e8re sont accompagn\u00e9es par le Yang!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

[25]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> \u201cPar o\u00f9 commencer pour \u00e9vang\u00e9liser ce pays de devins et de jarres, sinon par \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent et se taire?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

[26]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a>Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Missions \u00c9trang\u00e8res de Paris. 2 \u00e8 s\u00e9rie, no. 126, 1959.<\/strong><\/p>\n

[27]<\/strong><\/strong><\/a> Xem trang 585, 586 s\u0111d: \u201cEn 1954, \u00e9tant \u00e0 Dran pour les trois chr\u00e9tient\u00e9s vietnamiennes de la vall\u00e9e, j\u2019avais eu l\u2019occasion de rencontrer sur les routes, des jeunes gens Montagnards qui me demandaient un cat\u00e9chisme.<\/strong><\/p>\n