{"id":4050,"date":"2016-09-19T02:04:30","date_gmt":"2016-09-19T09:04:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/?p=4050"},"modified":"2016-09-19T17:00:05","modified_gmt":"2016-09-20T00:00:05","slug":"chu-quoc-ngu-va-moi-truong-binh-dinh-petrus-paulus-thong-60","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/?p=4050","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh ( Petrus Paulus Th\u1ed1ng 60)"},"content":{"rendered":"

CH\u1eee QU\u1ed0C NG\u1eee<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00c0 M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG B\u00ccNH \u0110\u1ecaNH<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef (CQN) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0ng ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, v\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, CQN r\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng, h\u1eefu \u00edch, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c CQN l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra. Trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a CQN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i. Ai m\u1edbi l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a CQN? G\u1ed1c g\u00e1c c\u1ee7a CQN l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 \u00dd, hay l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha? C\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a CQN l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u? N\u01a1i ph\u00f4i thai c\u1ee7a CQN l\u00e0 C\u1eeda H\u00e0n, H\u1ed9i An, Th\u00e0nh Chi\u00eam, S\u1edf Ki\u1ec7n, K\u1ebb S\u1edf, hay N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n? V\u00ec sao h\u00f4m nay l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i B\u00ccNH \u0110\u1ecaNH V\u00c0 CH\u1eee QU\u1ed0C NG\u1eee n\u00e0y? \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00eau l\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 CH\u1eee QU\u00d4C NG\u1eee V\u00c0 M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG B\u00ccNH \u0110\u1ecaNH. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. CH\u1eee QU\u1ed0C NG\u1eee \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u1edf trong M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG B\u00ccNH \u0110\u1ecaNH.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn CQN v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Ch\u1eef Vi\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG B\u00ccNH \u0110\u1ecaNH\u00a0 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1615 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n

– NGU\u1ed2N G\u1ed0C CQN, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

– CON NG\u01af\u1edcI, nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn CQN.<\/p>\n

– N\u01af\u1edaC M\u1eb6N, c\u01b0 s\u1edf Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng T\u00ean.<\/p>\n

– NH\u00c0 IN L\u00c0NG S\u00d4NG, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean NH\u00c0 IN QUI NH\u01a0N.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 NGU\u1ed2N G\u1ed0C CQN, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a CQN, Alexandre de Rhodes (\u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u00ean \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ngay giai \u0111o\u1ea1n Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n

CH\u1eee N\u00d4M b\u1ecb \u201cch\u00ecm ngh\u1ec9m\u201d do s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a CQN v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady CQN l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb ch\u1ee5p m\u0169, b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n v\u00ec c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 CQN.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 Avignon, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Vatican. \u0110\u00f4ng Kinh Ngh\u0129a Th\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t, r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t phong tr\u00e0o h\u1ecdc CQN. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 CQN ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra CQN l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai d\u00f9ng cho d\u1ec5; ch\u1ec9 \u201cl\u01b0u h\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9\u201d. Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m kh\u00f3 h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f3 vi\u1ebft, mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc Ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m l\u1ea1i \u201ckh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecdc\u201d, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u201c\u0111\u1ecdc \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2\u201d. Sau r\u1ed3i CQN m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c in \u1ea5n s\u00e1ch v\u1edf kinh k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 CQN l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn n\u00e0o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1eefa, ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, trong khi s\u00e1ch v\u1edf kinh k\u1ec7 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o in b\u1eb1ng CQN\u00a0 \u0111ang th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh th\u00ec s\u00e1ch v\u1edf kinh k\u1ec7 C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o in b\u1eb1ng Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in \u1ea5n song h\u00e0nh. Kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 CQN \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m v\u00e0o \u201cc\u00f5i ch\u1ebft\u201d. N\u1ebfu cu\u1ed1n \u201cDictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum Latinum\u201d c\u1ee7a Alexandre de Rhodes ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 CQN, th\u00ec cu\u1ed1n \u201cDictionarium Anamitico Latinum\u201d c\u1ee7a Pigneau de B\u00e9haine v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n \u201cDictionarium Anamitico Latinum\u201d c\u1ee7a Jean Louis Taberd c\u00f3 Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m in \u1ea5n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ec1n v\u1eefng\u201d, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a J.L.Taberd. Ngo\u00e0i ra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Girolamo Majorica vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 in \u1edf T\u00e2y \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 K\u1ebb S\u1edf, Ph\u00fac Nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m Annam, t\u1ee9c lo\u1ea1i Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m La tinh, t\u1ee9c Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u201cb\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n\u201d Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m r\u1ea5t k\u1ef9. C\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m b\u1ecb mai m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 do t\u00ednh \u201ckh\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc\u201d, \u201ckh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecdc\u201d c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, trong khi CQN th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c La tinh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u00eat kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 La tinh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u201ctruy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai D\u00f2ng T\u00ean. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai n\u00e0y khi \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i xa l\u1ea1 n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 La tinh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh so\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1edf t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo m\u1eabu c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng La tinh. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVI \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd D\u00f2ng T\u00ean T\u1ec9nh D\u00f2ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c La tinh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u00dd, Ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u r\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Vi\u1ec7t Nam, vi\u1ec7c La tinh h\u00f3a ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 \u0111i sau, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp hai \u201c\u0111\u00e0n anh\u201d Tamil v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1578, 1579, 1586 Th\u1eeba sai D\u00f2ng T\u00ean Henrique Henriques (1520-1600) ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u00e3 La tinh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Tamil v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0: THAMBIRAN VANAKKHAM (DOCTRINA CHRISTAM EN LINGUAR TAMUL), KIRISITHIYAANI VANAKKHAM, FLOS SANCTORUM. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng Tamil ARTE MALAUAR v\u00e0 cho l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng Tamil B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c cho c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai D\u00f2ng T\u00ean \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong vi\u1ec7c La tinh h\u00f3a ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u1eeba sai D\u00f2ng T\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha Jo\u00e3o Rodrigues (1558-1634). C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 La tinh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng Nh\u1eadt-B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha VOCABULARIO DA LINGOA JAPAM (n\u0103m 1603) v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 30000 m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt ARTE DA LINGOA DE JAPAM DIUIDIDA EM TRES LIVROS (n\u0103m 1604). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Tamil c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c La tinh h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng s\u1edbm \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng. M\u1ed9t d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 hi h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a CQN.<\/p>\n

Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, CQN \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1eeba sai thu\u1ed9c D\u00f2ng T\u00ean T\u1ec9nh D\u00f2ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (l\u00fac \u1ea5y t\u1eadp trung \u1edf Macao) ngh\u0129 ra, theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eafm c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay do nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch quan nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quan. Ch\u1ee7 quan \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh CQN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. N\u00f3i Alexandre de Rhodes (\u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9) l\u00e0 cha \u0111\u1ebb, l\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a CQN, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng, ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201ct\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh\u201d CQN. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u201cch\u00e9p\u201d l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 v\u1ecb, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai D\u00f2ng T\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Gaspar d\u2019Amaral (1592-1645\/1646), v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n \u201cDiccionario da Lingua Annamitica\u201d v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n \u201cDiccionario amanita-portugues-latim\u201d v\u00e0 Antonio Barbosa (1594-1647), v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n \u201cDiccionario portugues-anamita\u201d. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 nghe n\u00f3i th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebft qua m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1eadt ra c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c so\u1ea1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i sau d\u1ef1a theo c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ngo\u00e0i ra n\u1ebfu \u0111em so s\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n \u201cDictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum Latinum\u201d (n\u0103m 1651) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi l\u00e0m cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng g\u00f3p s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9. Kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft! Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ai l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n CQN nh\u01b0 v\u00e2y. V\u00e0 m\u00e3i 187 n\u0103m sau m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n \u201cDictionarium Anamitico-Latinum\u201d (n\u0103m 1838) c\u1ee7a J.L.Taberd. Trong b\u00e0i \u201cB\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed?\u201d nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Roland Jacques (RJ) cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 \u201cth\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 song nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a\u201d \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9. V\u00e0 trong b\u00e0i \u201cLi\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n T\u1ef1 \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd c\u1ee7a Alexandre de Rhodes\u201d trong khi trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Phan \u0110\u00ecnh Cho, RJ vi\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00f4i c\u0169ng x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Cha Rhodes, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c quan t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu. Khi ng\u00e0i rong ru\u1ed5i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1640 v\u00e0 1645, ng\u00e0i d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n cho vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00fac \u00c2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng. T\u00f4i x\u00e1c t\u00edn r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u1eeba sai kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y.\u201d Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u00a0 cu\u1ed1n T\u1ef1 \u0110i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Cha \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i \u201cKh\u00e1i lu\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef\u201d v\u00e0\u00a0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 30 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n \u201cL\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i\u201d \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 vi\u1ebft \u201cV\u1ec1 Cung Gi\u1ecdng v\u00e0 D\u1ea5u trong ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Annam\u201d. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 th\u1eadt v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb, ng\u1eef trong cu\u1ed1n T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a gi\u1ecdng Qu\u1ea3ng Nam hay gi\u1ecdng B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u201cli\u00ean h\u1ec7\u201d r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn CQN, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u201cNG\u01af\u1edcI B\u00ccNH \u0110\u1ecaNH\u201d (NB\u0110). \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t NB\u0110, m\u1ed9t NB\u0110 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai D\u00f2ng T\u00ean g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha Francisco de Pina (1585-1625). V\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed9i An n\u0103m 1617. Kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1618 \u00f4ng \u0111i N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, r\u1ed3i kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1620 v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i An, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1621 l\u1ea1i \u0111i N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i An cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1621, sang n\u0103m 1623 \u0111i l\u1eadp c\u01b0 s\u1edf Th\u00e0nh Chi\u00eam (Cacciam). T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1617 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1618 Pina ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e9n l\u00fat \u1edf H\u1ed9i An v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t n\u0103m r\u01b0\u1ee1i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ai ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc ch\u1eef H\u00e1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch v\u1edf d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u201ch\u1ecdc l\u00f3m\u201d ho\u1eb7c l\u00e2n la ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung quanh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 day \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Augustin\u00f4, c\u1eadu thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i \u1edf H\u1ed9i An m\u00e0 Francesco Buzomi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng Augustin\u00f4 l\u1ea1i b\u1eadn gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c cho Cha Buzomi, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n cho Cha Buzomi, anh ta c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u201cl\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d, h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng \u00dd, ti\u1ebfng B\u1ed3 v\u1edbi Cha Buzomi, v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi gia s\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u01b0, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, Pina vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Augustin\u00f4, anh th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Cha Buzomi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i; nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y Cha Buzomi \u0111\u00e3 m\u01b0\u1edbn m\u1ed9t gia s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y anh ta, v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd anh ta l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i sao t\u1ea1i Pulo Cambi. Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn Pina l\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1620 Pina \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n (jurubaca)<\/em>. N\u0103m 1620 Pina v\u1ec1 H\u1ed9i An, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1621 l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m m\u1edbi r\u1eddi N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn\u201d c\u1ee7a Pina. V\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, cha Buzomi, th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u00f4ng h\u1ecdc \u1edf Macao, th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u01b0u \u00fd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Roland Jacques nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh CQN. Roland Jacques c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1eddi gian 1611-1617 Pina theo h\u1ecdc \u1edf\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Sao Paolo, Macao \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1eeba sai\u00a0Jo\u00e3o Rodrigues, nh\u00e0 ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt ti\u00ean phong \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1n ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n sang\u00a0ch\u1eef c\u00e1i La tinh<\/a>\u00a0d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t \u00e2m\u00a0ti\u1ebfng B\u1ed3<\/a>, nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0Romaji<\/a>. Cu\u1ed1n ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, in v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1604-8. Roland Jacques cho r\u1eb1ng Francisco de Pina \u0111\u00e3 theo ph\u00e9p chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p\u00a0ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/a>\u00a0khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0110\u00e0ng Trong<\/a>. Th\u1eadt ra c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai D\u00f2ng T\u00ean c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn CQN \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Jo\u00e3o Rodrigues kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang g\u00ec Francisco de Pina. V\u00e0 Jo\u00e3o Rodrigues c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Henrique Henriques \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c La tinh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha nh\u01b0 Jo\u00e3o de Barros (1496-1570), Fern\u00e3o de Oliveira (1507-1581) v\u00e0 Manuel Alvares (1526-1582). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha. CQN ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u00dd n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

G\u1ecdi Francisco de P\u00edna l\u00e0 NB\u0110 tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n l\u1eafm, g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e0nh Chi\u00eam (NTC) th\u00ec h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n, v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u201cth\u00e0nh danh\u201d \u1edf Th\u00e0nh Chi\u00eam. Nh\u01b0ng \u201cChim t\u00ecm t\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm t\u00f4ng\u201d. Pina \u201cxu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n\u201d t\u1eeb N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, t\u1eeb B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh. V\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Pina \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vun tr\u1ed3ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i Christoforo Borri (1583-1632) l\u00e0 NB\u0110, th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. V\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai D\u00f2ng T\u00ean n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n b\u1ed1n n\u0103m (1618-1622), nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh. T\u00ecnh qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee9 danh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Relatione della nuova missione delli P.P. della Compagnia di Ges\u00f9 al Regno della Cocincina <\/em>(T\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cha D\u00f2ng T\u00ean t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u00e0ng Trong) (xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i R\u00f4-ma, n\u0103m 1631). T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, ti\u1ebfng H\u00e0 Lan, ti\u1ebfng La tinh, ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfng Anh, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi X\u1ee9 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. V\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi X\u1ee9 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh. Qua b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Borri. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u00e0i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cho b\u00e0 Ursula, phu nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Trong b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh\u00a0 n\u00e0y Borri c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng CQN. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng CQN \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00f4i thai n\u00e0y. Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u201cH\u1ed9i An n\u00f4i Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef\u201d nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u1ed3ng Nhu\u1ec7 Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00edch m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Borri vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef trong cu\u1ed1n \u201cT\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00e0ng Trong\u201d c\u1ee7a Borri v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ea5y c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed9i An\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf ch\u00fa th\u00edch \u00f4ng ta l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft: \u201cNh\u1eefng c\u00e2u Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u1edf Qui Nh\u01a1n, N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thu\u1ed9c Qu\u1ea3ng Nam.\u201d R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u201ch\u00e0o quang\u201d c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i An qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, v\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Borri s\u1ed1ng b\u1ed1n n\u0103m \u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf H\u1ed9i An. V\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, Borri c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ebf. Theo \u00f4ng, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean \u00e2m, n\u00ean \u00eam d\u1ecbu h\u01a1n; nh\u1edd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea5u thanh, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t tr\u1edf n\u00ean du d\u01b0\u01a1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3 ai c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfu \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m gi\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u00ec h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. \u00d4ng cho bi\u1ebft, sau s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng h\u1ecdc, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc th\u00eam b\u1ed1n n\u0103m n\u1eefa. Christoforo Borri l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 suy di\u1ec5n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd \u00edt ai ngh\u0129 \u00f4ng ta c\u0169ng l\u00e0 NB\u0110. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai D\u00f2ng T\u00ean Gaspar Lu\u00eds (1586-1648). \u00d4ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a hai t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft tay n\u0103m 1621 v\u00e0 n\u0103m 1626. T\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u0103m 1621 vi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Macao ng\u00e0y 12-12-1621, l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u00f4ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh. Trong t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0i ba CQN v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i khi Gaspar Luis vi\u1ebft t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u0103m 1626 l\u00e0 l\u00fac \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n ng\u00e0y 1-1-1626. Trong t\u1eadp t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi ba t\u1eeb v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng CQN. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng La tinh, d\u00e0i 29 trang. \u1ede ph\u1ea7n ba \u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf c\u01b0 s\u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u00f4ng \u0111ang \u1edf. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2ng 12 n\u0103m 1624 Gaspar Lu\u00eds t\u1eeb Macao \u0111i \u0110\u00e0ng Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn t\u00e0u v\u1edbi \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 v\u00e0 n\u0103m Linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Antonio de Fontes. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y G. Lu\u00eds li\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f2n \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 v\u00e0 A. Fontes th\u00ec \u1edf l\u1ea1i K\u1ebb Ch\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Francisco de Pina.\u00a0 \u00d4ng b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1629. \u00d4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong l\u1ea7n hai n\u0103m 1632 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1639. Khi \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, Lu\u00eds \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n T\u1eeb V\u1ef1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/em> r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t khi chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u1ec1 Macao b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm. Gaspar Lu\u00eds x\u1ee9ng danh l\u00e0 NB\u0110 v\u00ec \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ngo\u00e0i ra \u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o CQN.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu Christoforo Borri v\u00e0 Gaspar Lu\u00eds l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t n\u1ed5i th\u00ec m\u1ed9t NB\u0110 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ecm c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai D\u00f2ng T\u00ean Francesco Buzomi (1576-1639). Cha \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh cha Buzomi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y lo vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen ng\u1ee3i ca t\u1ee5ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ai ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1\u00a0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. Ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Cha Buzomi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ch\u00e2n tu, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t, m\u1eb7t n\u1ed5i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta qu\u00ean \u0111i \u201cm\u1eb7t ch\u00ecm ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc\u201d c\u1ee7a Cha Buzomi. Theo nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 CQN l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o CQN trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0: Francisco de Pina, Christoforo Borri, Gaspar d\u2019Amaral, Antonio Barbosa, Alexandre de Rhodes, Filippo Marini, Bento Thi\u1ec7n, Igesic\u00f4 V\u0103n T\u00edn. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng Francesco Buzomi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean trong danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. L\u00fd l\u1ebd th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 Cha Buzomi kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, khi giao d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3ng Cha ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cth\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n\u201d. Khi s\u1eed gia D\u00f2ng T\u00ean Daniello Bartoli vi\u1ebft trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1eed h\u1ecdc DELLE OPERE DEL PADRE DANIELLO BARTOLI DELLA COMPAGNLA DI GESU (VOLUME XVII – DELLA CINA \u2013 LIBRO TERZO \u2013 1825) r\u1eb1ng cha Buzomi c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng, th\u00ec nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y Roland Jacques (RJ) c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nghi ng\u1edd n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra nghi v\u1ea5n \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi Pina ch\u0103ng\u201d<\/em>. RJ, trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 LES MISSIONNAIRES PORTUGAIS ET LES D\u00c9BUTS DE L\u2019\u00c9GLISE CATHOLIQUE AU VI\u1ec6T NAM (2004) vi\u1ebft: \u201cN\u00f3i chung c\u00e1c x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Bartoli li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Buzomi l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1ee9u\u201d.<\/em> \u00dd nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng Bartoli \u0111\u00e3 thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u00ec Buzomi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd nh\u01b0 Bartoli. N\u1ebfu ai c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecdc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Bartoli \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean (LIBRO TERZO) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1eadp LIBRO QUARTO, c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y Bartoli kh\u00e1ch quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Buzomi, v\u00e0 Bartoli \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Pina. Ngo\u00e0i ra hai t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Cha Buzomi. S\u1edf d\u0129 Bartoli bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Cha Buzomi trong\u00a0 h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u1eddi \u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n (1618-1639) nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 do Cha Buzomi cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin. C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u00ednh Cha \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn Cha Buzomi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb. C\u0169ng trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cLES MISSIONNAIRES PORTUGAIS\u2026\u201d n\u00f3i tr\u00ean RJ \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft (theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00f9ng Th\u01b0 \u2013 2004): \u201cNh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1618, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu do c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Francisco de Pina, linh m\u1ee5c D\u00f2ng T\u00ean sinh \u1edf B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng Macao, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt Jo\u00e3o Rodrigues \u201cTofuzzu\u201d c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1610. Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, linh m\u1ee5c Pina nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u0103n nh\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 t\u00ean r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 Ph\u00ear\u00f4: ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c uy\u00ean b\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y h\u1eb3n r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a Pina\u201d. <\/em>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Pina! M\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u201cPina m\u00faa g\u1eady trong v\u01b0\u1eddn hoang\u201d! C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1618 Pina m\u1edbi \u201cch\u00e2n \u01b0\u1edbt ch\u00e2n r\u00e1o\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n. Pina m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Pina khi \u1edf Macao n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft Jo\u00e3o Rodrigues th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u201ch\u1ecdc tr\u00f2\u201d bi\u1ebft th\u1ea7y. C\u00f2n Cha Buzomi l\u00fac \u1ea5y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean Cha Buzomi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 Jo\u00e3o Rodrigues v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb n\u00e0y. Sau \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean RJ c\u00f3 tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u00fd t\u00ean Francisco Eugenio, tu s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd \u1edf Macao ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u201cAnnua del Collegio di Macao del 1618\u201d. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cho bi\u1ebft: \u201c\u2026Anh c\u00f3 t\u00ean th\u00e1nh r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 Ph\u00ear\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3\u2026gi\u00fap linh m\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch kinh\u2026Linh m\u1ee5c c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tin b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y; trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tuy\u00ean x\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi, c\u00e1c m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Ba Ng\u00f4i, v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Nh\u1eadp Th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1ec1 chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ed t\u00edch\u2026\u201d<\/em>\u00a0 D\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m ch\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng CQN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean \u1edf c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Cha Buzomi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Pina \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn RJ vi\u1ebft: \u201cTheo th\u00f3i quen th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, \u2018linh m\u1ee5c\u2019, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng minh nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau t\u00ean\u201d.<\/em> Nh\u01b0ng RJ l\u1ea1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cv\u1ecb \u2018linh m\u1ee5c\u2019 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Pina\u201d.<\/em> T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Pina m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Buzomi? RJ vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp: \u201cBa tu s\u0129 D\u00f2ng T\u00ean b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o Pulo Cambi l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c Buzomi, b\u1ecb \u2018b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng\u2019, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111i gi\u1ea3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d<\/em>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng Cha Buzomi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cha ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c H\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdp h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y hai. Vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp: \u201cLinh m\u1ee5c Pina, v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c Borri, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1edd\u00ec v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng. Ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Buzomi, c\u1ef1u b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong (1615-1618) v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u00a0 n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c Pina v\u00e0 ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y\u201d. <\/em>\u0110\u00e2y qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u201cgi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2i \u0111u\u00f4i\u201d. Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5y. Vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp: \u201cTheo ch\u00ednh l\u1eddi x\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh linh m\u1ee5c Pina, ngay t\u1eeb\u00a0 n\u0103m 1622, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1eabu t\u1ef1\u00a0 La tinh cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i ph\u00e1t \u00e2m v\u00e0 thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3, linh m\u1ee5c Pina \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt h\u1ecdc sinh Vi\u1ec7t\u00a0 Nam quy t\u1ee5 chung quanh \u00f4ng\u201d.<\/em>\u00a0 V\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i gh\u00e9p n\u0103m 1622, l\u00fac Pina \u1edf Th\u00e0nh Chi\u00eam, v\u1edbi chuy\u1ec7n n\u0103m 1618, l\u00fac Pina \u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n? \u1ede tr\u00ean , trong s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Bartoli c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n cha Buzomi c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ng\u1eef v\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1618. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: Cha Francesco Buzomi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft. C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd Cha Francesco Buzomi r\u1ea5t r\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean Cha \u201cbi\u1ebft\u201d Ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Cha kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t s\u00f5i nh\u01b0 Francisco de Pina, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Cha kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p trong vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o CQN. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i xu\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ta nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p. C\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c Cha Buzomi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cth\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n\u201d ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf Cha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n, Cha c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c; h\u01a1n n\u1eefa cha c\u00f3 b\u00ean m\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cth\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n\u201d r\u1ea5t t\u00e0i ba l\u00e0 Augustin\u00f4 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean. Qua cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa Cha Buzomi v\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y T\u01b0 Hi\u1ec1n ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean Augustin\u00f4 n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh Pina \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u00f4i sao \u1edf Pulo Cambi\u201d<\/em>. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh ni\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng\u201d \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong H\u1ed9i Th\u1ea7y Gi\u1ea3ng do Cha Buzomi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 sau Cha \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. S\u1eed gia D.Bartoli c\u00f2n ghi l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Cha Buzomi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cIn tanto mentre ancor non potea valersi della sua lingua al ministero della diuina predicatione, adoperaua l\u2019interprete, gi\u00e0 con isquisita c\u1ee7a, e con ugual patienza ammaestrato di quanto era da ragionarsi in publico, prouandosi prima in segreto il Padre a dire in sua lingua, e il Cocincinese a ripeterlo nella sua, con parole s\u00ec proprie, che la copia, per dir cos\u00ec, fedelmente rispondesse all\u2019originale.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0 T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch: \u201cKhi Cha kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ch\u00faa, Cha s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n, m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 Cha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang; tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean Cha c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 anh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam k\u1ef3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a anh, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea3n sao, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh.\u201d<\/em> \u0110o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p, b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Cha Buzomi. C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i, vi\u1ec7c x\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i l\u00e0 \u201cchuy\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ri\u00eang t\u01b0\u201d, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u201cth\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n\u201d, phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0 C\u00e1c Cha khi gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nghe cho ra, hi\u1ec3u cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0ng t\u00f4i x\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i g\u00ec. Ngo\u00e0i ra n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec CH\u1eee QU\u1ed0C NG\u1eee 1620-1659 (LSCQN) (xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1972) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c CQN m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng trong 7 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft tay trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u 1620-1626 th\u00ec CQN trong T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft tay n\u0103m 1626 c\u1ee7a Francesco Buzomi l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1ea5t, tuy s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u00edt. Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: \u201cNh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a Buzomi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u00edt, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, n\u1ebfu \u0111em so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Jo\u00e3o Roiz, C.Borri, \u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9, Gaspar Luis, v\u00e0 Antonio de Fontes t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1626 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0 C\u00f2n trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m D\u00d2NG T\u00caN TRONG X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I \u0110\u1ea0I VI\u1ec6T 1615-1773 (DTTXH\u0110V) (xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2008) nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u2026ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y Buzomi \u0111\u00e3 ghi m\u1ea5y ch\u1eef x\u00e1n t\u00ed, thien chu, thien ch\u0169 x\u00e1n t\u00ed, ngaoc huan. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb cho th\u1ea5y \u2018ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef\u2019 c\u1ee7a cha Buzomi v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Buzomi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng c\u00e2u, t\u1eebng b\u00e0i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t? \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Buzomi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1626 sau 11 n\u0103m tr\u1eddi \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong.\u201d<\/em> \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Cha Buzomi. Ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd Cha Buzomi l\u1ea1i \u201cd\u1ed1t\u201d \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf sao? C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft Cha Buzomi\u00a0 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc t\u1eeb ngh\u0129a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t th\u00ec xin \u0111\u1ecdc ba trang trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft tay n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Cha Buzomi \u1eaft r\u00f5. V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m LSCQN t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: \u201cBa trang sau Buzomi \u2018tranh lu\u1eadn\u2019 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean Ch\u1ee7, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf; \u00f4ng tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Phao L\u00f4 v\u00e0 T\u00f4 Ma, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch nghi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngay c\u1ea3 trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef\u2026\u00dd c\u1ee7a Buzomi l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u00e0ng Trong n\u00ean d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef Thi\u00ean Ch\u1ee7 (Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf.\u201d<\/em> Trong DTTXH\u0110V \u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh n\u00f3i r\u00f5 th\u00eam: \u201cC\u0169ng trong th\u01b0 n\u00e0y, Buzomi t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, Thi\u00ean Ch\u1ee7 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng; v\u00ec, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0110\u1ea5ng T\u1ed1i Cao theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o (nh\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf), ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u1edf VN (Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng, Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf), n\u00ean Buzomi ng\u1ea3 theo c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, v\u1eeba v\u1eafn, v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i VN, v\u00ec hai t\u1eeb Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/em> Bao nhi\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1, \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a con NB\u0110 n\u00e0y. H\u00e3y nghe con NB\u0110 n\u00e0y nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, con NB\u0110; \u201cH\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n b\u1ecb, t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt. C\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng cao l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt. Tuy d\u1ec5 nghe d\u1ec5 tin v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u m\u00ea t\u00edn, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn ra l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ki\u00eau c\u0103ng hay t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf trong khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, c\u00e1c Cha c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u1edbi l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, m\u1ed9t khi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Cha Buzomi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Theo cha, \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0103n minh, m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao, tr\u1ecdng c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n, tr\u1ecdng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch ch\u1eef. V\u1ec1 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 th\u00ec ph\u00e2n ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n gia nh\u01b0 La ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u2026 H\u1ecd vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng b\u00fat l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch, c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ch ch\u1eef, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ch\u1eef m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, ch\u1eef d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i th\u00ec cung gi\u1ecdng \u00eam d\u1ecbu v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u h\u01a1n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa, nghe nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u01a1 ph\u1ed5 nh\u1ea1c.\u201d\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i\u00a0 s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4t con NB\u0110 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG B\u00ccNH \u0110\u1ecaNH, trong su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m. Ch\u00ednh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 hun \u0111\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i, tuy ch\u01b0a \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng, v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1ee9ng minh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

-N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n l\u00e0 Trung T\u00e2m Truy\u1ec1n Gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ng\u00e0y 18-1-1615 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai D\u00f2ng T\u00ean l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1eeda H\u00e0n, t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n \u1edf H\u1ed9i An. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1618 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 ng\u01a1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t Trung T\u00e2m Truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a quan tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 Tr\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c H\u00f2a, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 hi h\u1eefu. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i bao nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u0103ng l\u1eef, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, quan quy\u1ec1n. Theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Pina th\u00ec \u201cT\u1ea1i Pulo Cambi, Cha Buzomi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai hay ba \u00f4ng s\u00e3i (bonzo) gi\u00fap cha l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c.\u201d<\/em> Ch\u0103c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai s\u01b0 c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o: C\u1ee5 \u201cSai-hien\u201d v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 \u0110amian\u00f4. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n Ignatio c\u00f9ng phu nh\u00e2n Ursula c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc con NB\u0110 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u00ecnh, h\u0103ng say nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 say m\u00ea.<\/p>\n

-N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n c\u00f2n l\u00e0 Trung T\u00e2m d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai D\u00f2ng T\u00ean\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u201cTrung T\u00e2m Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n\u201d n\u00e0y. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Francesco Buzomi, Francisco de Pina, Christoforo Borri, Gaspar Lu\u00eds, Giovanni Maria Leri, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u201c\u00f4ng tr\u00f9m Ch\u1eef N\u00f4m\u201d Girolamo Majorica n\u1eefa. C\u00e1c th\u1eeba sai D\u00f2ng T\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu. Ngo\u00e0i ra \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 hai \u201cnh\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u00e0i ba\u201d l\u00e0 Augustin\u00f4 v\u00e0 Ph\u00ear\u00f4 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean. Ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y? Ch\u00ednh Francesco Buzomi.<\/p>\n

-N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng n\u00f4i Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u00f4i thai CQN. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i CQN manh nha, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i CQN h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 Francesco Buzomi.<\/p>\n

N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n, n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u00f3i chung, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00f4i CQN, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a\u00a0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a CQN m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a CQN qua nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m in, qua nh\u00e0 in. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u00e0 In L\u00e0ng S\u00f4ng, v\u1ec1 sau c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 In Qui Nh\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, Puginier, Charbonnier, Camelbecke, th\u00ec nh\u00e0 in c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, t\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 in L\u00e0ng S\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u0103m 1872, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 in n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng n\u0103m 1885. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u00e0 in L\u00e0ng S\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 in c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn T\u00e2y \u0110\u00e0ng Trong (S\u00e0i G\u00f2n), t\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 in T\u00e2n \u0110\u1ecbnh (1867) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 in c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn T\u00e2y \u0110\u00e0ng Ngo\u00e0i (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i), t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 in K\u1ebb V\u0129nh (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi Ninh Ph\u00fa), K\u1ebb L\u00f5i, K\u1ebb S\u1edf v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00e2y. N\u0103m1844, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda Nam c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0110\u00e0ng Trong \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn m\u1edbi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn T\u00e2y \u0110\u00e0ng Trong, t\u1ee9c S\u00e0i g\u00f2n. N\u0103m 1850, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t Cao-Mi\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Nam-Vang. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0ng Trong g\u1ed3m l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 t\u1eeb s\u00f4ng Gianh \u0111\u1ebfn Phan Thi\u1ebft; T\u00f2a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i N\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1eb7n (G\u00f2 Th\u1ecb). V\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n L\u00e0ng S\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1863. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ed7i Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 T\u00f2a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c, Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd, Nha X\u1ee9, Nh\u00e0 L\u1eabm, Nh\u00e0 Chung, Nh\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng (t\u1ee9c Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n), Nh\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, Nh\u00e0 in, Nh\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c, Nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, Nh\u00e0 m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i\u2026v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i chung v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

Sau V\u0103n Th\u00e2n, T\u00f2a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0ng Trong v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf Nh\u00e0 Chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1891. Ti\u1ec3u Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n L\u00e0ng S\u00f4ng, ng\u00e0y nay thu\u1ed9c th\u00f4n Qu\u1ea3ng V\u00e2n, x\u00e3 Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Thu\u1eadn, huy\u1ec7n Tuy Ph\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ec9nh B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1863, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1892. N\u0103m 1925, Ti\u1ec3u Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n L\u00e0ng S\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m hai gian nh\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y, m\u00e1i l\u1ee3p ng\u00f3i, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng l\u1ea7u, thay th\u1ebf b\u1ed1n nh\u00e0 tranh c\u0169. Nh\u00e0 in n\u1eb1m trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u Ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t trong hai n\u0103m. L\u1ec5 Kh\u00e1nh Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1927. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 l\u00e0 Linh m\u1ee5c Charles Dorgeville v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7y H\u00f2a thu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i Th\u1ea7y Gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1904 Linh m\u1ee5c Paul Maheu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ngh\u0129 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf Hong Kong. Nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng B\u00e9thanie r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 in Nazareth Hong Kong, t\u1ee9c Nh\u00e0 in c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u1eeba Sai H\u1ea3i Ngo\u1ea1i Paris (MEP). Linh m\u1ee5c Paul Maheu th\u01b0\u1eddng lui t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 in n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 in \u1ea5n v\u1edbi Linh m\u1ee5c Francois Monnier, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c nh\u00e0 in \u201cqu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u201d n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 Linh m\u1ee5c Paul Maheu \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u201cth\u1eeba sai-in \u1ea5n\u201d (missionnaire-imprimeur), chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 in \u1ea5n. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt in \u1ea5n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nh\u00e0 in L\u00e0ng S\u00f4ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1904, l\u00fac \u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i L\u00e0ng S\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u00e0 in L\u00e0ng S\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ee5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 in chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1904. Nh\u01b0ng Linh m\u1ee5c Paul Maheu ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u00e0 in L\u00e0ng S\u00f4ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1904 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1913, v\u00ec v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng n\u0103m n\u0103m 1913\u00a0 Linh m\u1ee5c PauL Maheu l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1919 m\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh. N\u0103m 1929 Linh m\u1ee5c Paul Maheu l\u1ea1i b\u1eadn b\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi B\u00e1c s\u0129 Le Moine ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh phong \u1edf Tr\u1ea1i phong Qui H\u00f2a. Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 1929 \u0111\u1ebfn 1939 nh\u00e0 in \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho Linh m\u1ee5c Albert Perreaux Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf Linh m\u1ee5c Paul Maheu l\u00fac \u00f4ng v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1939 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u201cs\u00e1ng gi\u00e1\u201d kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Linh m\u1ee5c Charles Dorgeville, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng La tinh, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean c\u01a1 kh\u00ed t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u01b0. Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e0ng Trong. Nh\u00e0 In L\u00e0ng S\u00f4ng, Nh\u00e0 In Qui Nh\u01a1n l\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 In l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u00e0 In L\u00e0ng S\u00f4ng \u2013 Qui Nh\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea5n ph\u1ea9m CQN \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, g\u00f3p c\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n CQN.<\/p>\n

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Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam lu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o CQN c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1eeba sai D\u00f2ng T\u00ean T\u1ec9nh D\u00f2ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. CQN \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c manh nha, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1615 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a CQN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Alexandre de Rhodes (\u0110\u1eafc L\u1ed9). G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y trong tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1ecb ti\u00ean phong \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean: Gaspar d\u2019Amaral, Antonio Barbosa, Francisco de Pina, Filippo Marini; Pigneau de B\u00e9haine, Jean Louis Taberd, Igesic\u00f4 V\u0103n T\u00edn, Bento Thi\u1ec7n, Philiph\u00ea B\u1ec9nh, B\u1ea3o L\u1ed9c Ngh\u1ecb, Philiph\u00ea Phan v\u0103n Minh, Petrus Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u0129nh K\u00fd, Paulus Hu\u1ef3nh T\u1ecbnh C\u1ee7a,v.v. C\u00f2n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1 cao Francesco Buzomi. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t r\u1eb1ng CQN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. V\u00e0 CQN v\u00e0 Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean CQN c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cc\u1ea5y\u201d trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. CQN \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c \u201cc\u1ea5y\u201d trong M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG B\u00ccNH \u0110\u1ecaNH, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG N\u01af\u1edaC M\u1eb6N, m\u1ed9t c\u01b0 s\u1edf truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u201cb\u1ecb qu\u00ean\u201d; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ecm n\u0103ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f2n \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Nha Trang, ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2015<\/p>\n

Petrus Paulus Th\u1ed1ng 60<\/p>\n

(Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef, Ch\u1eef Vi\u1ebft c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0petruspaulusthong.wordpress.com <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0________________<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

-Alvares, Manuel, De Institutione Grammatica\u00a0 Libri tres,1572.<\/em><\/p>\n

-Anchieta,Joseph de, Arte de grammatica da lingoa mais usada na costa do Brasil,1595.<\/em><\/p>\n

-Barros, Jo\u00e3o de, Grammatica da Lingua Portuguesa, 1539.<\/em><\/p>\n

-Henriques, Henrique, Arte da Lingua Malabar, 1549.<\/em><\/p>\n

-Oliveira, Fern\u00e3o de, Gramatica da lingoagem portuguesa,1536<\/em><\/p>\n

-Rodrigues, Jo\u00e3o, Arte da lingoa de Iapam, Compostapello diuidida en tres livros, 1604.<\/em><\/p>\n

-Rodrigues,Joao, Vocabulario da lingoa de Iapam, 1603. <\/em><\/p>\n

-Transcription and Translation of a Yearly Letter from 1619 Found in the Japonica 71 from the Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu. (MA Thesis, Jason Michael Wilber, 2014)<\/em><\/p>\n

-Borri, Christoforo, Relatione della Nuova Missione delli P.P. gella\u00a0 Compagnia di Giesu al Regno della Cocincina, Roma, 1631.<\/em><\/p>\n

-Marini, Gio Filippo de, Delle Missioni De\u2019 Padri della Compagnia di Giesu, Nella Provincia del Giappone, e parcolamente di quella di Tumkino, Libri Cinque, Roma, 1663.<\/em><\/p>\n

-Rhodes, Alexandre de, Histoire du Royaume du Tunquin et des grands progr\u00e8s que la pr\u00e9dication de l\u2019\u00c9vangile a faits en la conversion des infid\u00e8les. 1651.<\/em><\/p>\n

-Rhodes, Alexandre de, Divers Voyages et Missions du P\u00e8re Alexandre de Rhodes en la Chine et autres Royaumes de l\u2019Orient, avec son retour en Europe par la Perse et l\u2019Arm\u00e9nie, Paris, 1653.<\/em><\/p>\n

-Luis, Gaspar, Histoire de ce qui s\u2019est pass\u00e9 en \u00c9thiopie, Malabar, Brasil, et les Indes Orientales, Paris, 1628.<\/em><\/p>\n

-Bartoli, Daniello, Dell\u2019Historica\u00a0 Della Compagnia di Gesu, La Cina,Terza Parte dell\u2019Asia, Roma, 1823.<\/em><\/p>\n

-Launay, Adrien, Histoire de la Mission du Tonkin, 1658-1717, I, Paris, 2000.<\/em><\/p>\n

-Launay, Adrien, Histoire de la Mission de Cochichine, 1658-1823, I, II, III, Paris, 2000.<\/em><\/p>\n

-Rapports des \u00c9v\u00eaques, 1873 (E.Charbonnier), 1885 (V.Camelbecke), 1893 (F.Colombert).<\/em><\/p>\n

-M\u00e9morial, Mission de Qui Nh\u01a1n, de 1907 \u00e0 1928 (Imprimerie de L\u00e0ng S\u00f4ng).<\/em><\/p>\n

-Otto Zwartjes, Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil,1550\u20131800. (John Benjamin Publisher Company, 2011).<\/em><\/p>\n

-Ines G. Zupanov, Missionary Tropics,The Catholic Frontier in India (I6th-I7th Centuries).(2005).<\/em><\/p>\n

-Ines G. Zupanov, Disputed Mission Jesuit Experiments and Brahmanical Knowledge in Seventeenth-century India.(2001).<\/em><\/p>\n

-Otto Zwartjes, Gregory James, Emilio Ridruejo (eds), Missionary Linguistics\/Linguistica Misionera, I, II, III, IV, V, (John Benjamin Publisher Company, 2014)<\/em><\/p>\n

-Donald F. Lach, Asia in the Making of Europe, Vol. I, II, III, IV, V, (The University of Chicago Press, 1994).<\/em><\/p>\n

-Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ed3ng, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Quy\u1ec3n I, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n, 1959.<\/em><\/p>\n

-\u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef 1620-1659, Ra Kh\u01a1i, 1972.<\/em><\/p>\n

-\u0110\u1ed7 Quang Ch\u00ednh, D\u00f2ng T\u00ean trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, NXB T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, 2008.<\/em><\/p>\n

-Roland Jacques, L\u2019Oeuvre de quelques pionniers portugais dans le domaine de linguistique vietnamienne jusqu\u2019en 1650, Paris, 1995.<\/em><\/p>\n

-Roland Jacques, Les Missionnaires Portugais et les D\u00e9buts de l\u2019\u00c9glise Catholique au Vi\u1ec7t-Nam, \u0110\u1ecbnh H\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00f9ng Th\u01b0, 2004.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

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CH\u1eee QU\u1ed0C NG\u1eee V\u00c0 M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG B\u00ccNH \u0110\u1ecaNH   Ch\u1eef Qu\u1ed1c Ng\u1eef (CQN) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 theo nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u01b0ng ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, v\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, CQN r\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng, … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[75],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4050"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4050"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4050\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4051,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4050\/revisions\/4051"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/saobiennhatrang.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}